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The success of large language models (LLMs), like GPT-4 and ChatGPT, has led to the development of numerous cost-effective and accessible alternatives that are created by finetuning open-access LLMs with task-specific data (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhiqiang Hu , Lei Wang , Yihuai Lan , Wanyu Xu , Ee-Peng Lim , Lidong Bing , Xing Xu , Soujanya Poria , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Long context understanding remains challenging for large language models due to their limited context windows. This paper introduces Long Input Fine-Tuning (LIFT), a novel framework for long-context modeling that can enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yansheng Mao , Yufei Xu , Jiaqi Li , Fanxu Meng , Haotong Yang , Zilong Zheng , Xiyuan Wang , Muhan Zhang

Within the realm of software engineering, specialized tasks on code, such as program repair, present unique challenges, necessitating fine-tuning Large language models~(LLMs) to unlock state-of-the-art performance. Fine-tuning approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Boyang Yang , Haoye Tian , Jiadong Ren , Hongyu Zhang , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Claire Le Goues , Shunfu Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable impacts across a wide spectrum of natural language processing tasks. Fine-tuning these pretrained models on downstream datasets provides further significant performance gains; however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zhikai Li , Xiaoxuan Liu , Banghua Zhu , Zhen Dong , Qingyi Gu , Kurt Keutzer

Proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional capabilities in handling a diverse range of tasks. Recent studies demonstrate that open-sourced smaller foundational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Deng Cai , Xinting Huang , Tao Fang , Wei Bi

Large Language Models (LLMs), when used in educational settings without pedagogical fine-tuning, often provide immediate answers rather than guiding students through the problem-solving process. This approach falls short of pedagogically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shashank Sonkar , Kangqi Ni , Sapana Chaudhary , Richard G. Baraniuk

Despite achieving remarkable performance on various vision-language tasks, Transformer-based Vision-Language Models (VLMs) suffer from redundancy in inputs and parameters, significantly hampering their efficiency in real-world applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zekun Wang , Jingchang Chen , Wangchunshu Zhou , Haichao Zhu , Jiafeng Liang , Liping Shan , Ming Liu , Dongliang Xu , Qing Yang , Bing Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been explored as fine-grained zero-shot re-rankers by leveraging attention signals to estimate document relevance. However, existing methods either aggregate attention signals across all heads or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuxing Tian , Fengran Mo , Zhiqi Huang , Weixu Zhang , Jian-Yun Nie

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have become crucial for rapidly adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Prefix-Tuning, an early and effective PEFT technique, demonstrated the ability to achieve performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haonan Wang , Brian Chen , Siquan Li , Xinhe Liang , Hwee Kuan Lee , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tianyang Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in intelligent visualization systems, especially for domain-specific applications. Integrating LLMs into visualization systems presents challenges, and we categorize these challenges…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Lin Gao , Jing Lu , Zekai Shao , Ziyue Lin , Shengbin Yue , Chiokit Ieong , Yi Sun , Rory James Zauner , Zhongyu Wei , Siming Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, yet their potential for sequential decision-making remains underexplored. In this paper, we study the ICL capabilities of LLMs in sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Minmin Zhang , Sina Aghaei , Soroush Saghafian

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks. Typically, LLMs are first pre-trained on large corpora and subsequently fine-tuned on task-specific datasets. However, during fine-tuning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yupeng Chen , Senmiao Wang , Yushun Zhang , Zhihang Lin , Haozhe Zhang , Weijian Sun , Tian Ding , Ruoyu Sun

Fine-tuning adapts pretrained models for specific tasks but poses the risk of catastrophic forgetting (CF), where critical knowledge from pretraining is overwritten. To address the issue of CF in a general-purpose framework, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Runyu Wang , Peng Ping , Zhengyu Guo , Xiaoye Zhang , Quan Shi , Liting Zhou , Tianbo Ji

Contrastive learning has proven effective for pre-training image models on unlabeled data with promising results for tasks such as medical image classification. Using paired text (like radiological reports) during pre-training improves the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Philip Müller , Georgios Kaissis , Congyu Zou , Daniel Rueckert

Large Language Models trained on web-scale text acquire language generation abilities that can solve a wide range of tasks, particularly when task knowledge is refined into the generative prior using in-context examples. However, spurious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Joykirat Singh , Subhabrata Dutta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a significant "embodiment gap", where their text-based representations fail to align with human sensorimotor experiences. This study systematically investigates whether and how task-specific fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Minghua Wu , Javier Conde , Pedro Reviriego , Marc Brysbaert

Large language models (LLMs) and multimodal models (MMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities in various domains, particularly in general language understanding and visual reasoning. However, these models, trained on massive data, may not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Xinbo Wu , Max Hartman , Vidhata Arjun Jayaraman , Lav R. Varshney

Large language models (LLMs) can generate long-form and coherent text, yet they often hallucinate facts, which undermines their reliability. To mitigate this issue, inference-time methods steer LLM representations toward the "truthful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Farima Fatahi Bayat , Xin Liu , H. V. Jagadish , Lu Wang

Alignment, endowing a pre-trained Large language model (LLM) with the ability to follow instructions, is crucial for its real-world applications. Conventional supervised fine-tuning (SFT) methods formalize it as causal language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yuchen Fan , Yuzhong Hong , Qiushi Wang , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song

In this paper, we introduce a method for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), inspired by Multi-Task learning in a federated manner. Our approach leverages the structure of each client's model and enables a learning scheme that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ahmed Elbakary , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Tamer ElBatt , Karim Seddik , Mehdi Bennis
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