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Mechanistic interpretability (MI) is an emerging sub-field of interpretability that seeks to understand a neural network model by reverse-engineering its internal computations. Recently, MI has garnered significant attention for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Daking Rai , Yilun Zhou , Shi Feng , Abulhair Saparov , Ziyu Yao

Although artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved many feats at a rapid pace, there still exist open problems and fundamental shortcomings related to performance and resource efficiency. Since AI researchers benchmark a significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Palaash Agrawal , Cheston Tan , Heena Rathore

In this review, we examine the problem of designing interpretable and explainable machine learning models. Interpretability and explainability lie at the core of many machine learning and statistical applications in medicine, economics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Ričards Marcinkevičs , Julia E. Vogt

Interpretability is the study of explaining models in understandable terms to humans. At present, interpretability is divided into two paradigms: the intrinsic paradigm, which believes that only models designed to be explained can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Andreas Madsen , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

The black box nature of deep neural networks poses a significant challenge for the deployment of transparent and trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) systems. With the growing presence of AI in society, it becomes increasingly important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Bianka Kowalska , Halina Kwaśnicka

Deep learning-based AI models have been extensively applied in genomics, achieving remarkable success across diverse applications. As these models gain prominence, there exists an urgent need for interpretability methods to establish…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-16 Chenyu Wang , Chaoying Zuo , Zihan Su , Yuhang Xing , Lu Li , Maojun Wang , Zeyu Zhang

Artificial intelligence, particularly through recent advancements in deep learning, has achieved exceptional performances in many tasks in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. In addition to desirable evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

There has been a recent resurgence in the area of explainable artificial intelligence as researchers and practitioners seek to make their algorithms more understandable. Much of this research is focused on explicitly explaining decisions or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-16 Tim Miller

Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a useful aid in numerous clinical applications for diagnosis and treatment decisions. Deep neural networks have shown same or better performance than clinicians in many tasks owing to the rapid…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-05 Zohaib Salahuddin , Henry C Woodruff , Avishek Chatterjee , Philippe Lambin

Mechanistic Interpretability aims to understand neural networks through causal explanations. We argue for the Explanatory View Hypothesis: that Mechanistic Interpretability research is a principled approach to understanding models because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Kola Ayonrinde , Louis Jaburi

Interpretability of machine learning models has gained more and more attention among researchers in the artificial intelligence (AI) and human-computer interaction (HCI) communities. Most existing work focuses on decision making, whereas we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Haizi Yu , Heinrich Taube , James A. Evans , Lav R. Varshney

The present paper looks at one of the most thorough articles on the intelligence of GPT, research conducted by engineers at Microsoft. Although there is a great deal of value in their work, I will argue that, for familiar philosophical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Alex Grzankowski

Recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning in general have demonstrated remarkable performances in many tasks, from image processing to natural language processing, especially with the advent of deep learning. Along with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Erico Tjoa , Cuntai Guan

Cognitive Science has profoundly shaped disciplines such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Philosophy, Psychology, Neuroscience, Linguistics, and Culture. Many breakthroughs in AI trace their roots to cognitive theories, while AI itself has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Rui Mao , Qian Liu , Xiao Li , Erik Cambria , Amir Hussain

Mechanistic Interpretability (MI) promises a path toward fully understanding how neural networks make their predictions. Prior work demonstrates that even when trained to perform simple arithmetic, models can implement a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ouail Kitouni , Niklas Nolte , Víctor Samuel Pérez-Díaz , Sokratis Trifinopoulos , Mike Williams

Neural networks are growing more capable on their own, but we do not understand their neural mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms' decision-making processes, or mechanistic interpretability, enables (1) accountability and control in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Mason Kadem , Rong Zheng

Informatics studies all aspects of the structure of natural and artificial information systems. Theoretical and abstract approaches to information have made great advances, but human information processing is still unmatched in many areas,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Włodzisław Duch

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its data-centric branch of machine learning (ML) have greatly evolved over the last few decades. However, as AI is used increasingly in real world use cases, the importance of the interpretability of and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 N. Ranasinghe , A. Ramanan , S. Fernando , P. N. Hameed , D. Herath , T. Malepathirana , P. Suganthan , M. Niranjan , S. Halgamuge

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing many areas of our lives, leading a new era of technological advancement. Particularly, the transportation sector would benefit from the progress in AI and advance the development of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Yanan Xin , Natasa Tagasovska , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Martin Raubal

Mechanistic interpretability aims to explain neural model behaviour by reverse-engineering learned computational structure into human-understandable components. Without a formal framework, however, mechanistic explanations cannot be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ward Gauderis , Thomas Dooms , Steven T. Holmer , Kola Ayonrinde , Geraint A. Wiggins