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We show that with the assistance of a third level of the qubits an n-qubit phase gate can be constructed from $2n-4$ two-qutrit conditional swap gates, a single qutrit-qubit controlled phase gate, and two single-qutrit operations. Unlike…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-20 Shi Biao Zheng

Quantum circuit optimization is a central task in Quantum Computing, as current Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum devices suffer from error propagation that often scales with the number of operations. Among quantum operations, the CNOT gate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jacopo Cossio , Daniele Lizzio Bosco , Riccardo Romanello , Giuseppe Serra , Carla Piazza

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is studied primarily to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. For a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, a depth $p$ QAOA for the Max-cut problem requires…

Single qubit rotations and two-qubit CNOT operations are crucial ingredients for universal quantum computing. While high fidelity single qubit operations have been achieved using the electron spin degree of freedom, realizing a robust CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-02 D. M. Zajac , A. J. Sigillito , M. Russ , F. Borjans , J. M. Taylor , G. Burkard , J. R. Petta

We present a set of efficiently implementable logical multi-qubit gates in concatenated quantum error correction codes using parity qubits. In particular, we show how fault-tolerant high-weight rotation gates of arbitrary angle can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Anette Messinger , Christophe Goeller , Wolfgang Lechner

Calibration of quantum gates is a necessary hurdle to overcome on the way to a reliable quantum computer. In a recent paper, a protocol called Gate Set Calibration protocol (GSC) has been introduced and used to learn coherent errors from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 Yaiza Aragonés-Soria , René Otten , Tobias Hangleiter , Pascal Cerfontaine , David Gross

Many quantum computers have constraints regarding which two-qubit operations are locally allowed. To run a quantum circuit under those constraints, qubits need to be mapped to different quantum registers, and multi-qubit gates need to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Sarah Meng Li

Quantum circuits composed of CNOT and $R_z$ are fundamental building blocks of many quantum algorithms, so optimizing the synthesis of such quantum circuits is crucial. We address this problem from a theoretical perspective by studying the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Yixin Cao , Yiren Lu , Junhong Nie , Xiaoming Sun , Guojing Tian

We show, within the circuit model, how any quantum computation can be efficiently performed using states with only real amplitudes (a result known within the Quantum Turing Machine model). This allows us to identify a 2-qubit (in fact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Terry Rudolph , Lov Grover

This paper introduces an algorithm designed to approximate quantum transformation matrix with a restricted number of gates by using the block decomposition technique. Addressing challenges posed by numerous gates in handling large qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Lai Kin Man , Xin Wang

We introduce a new scheme for quantum circuit design called controlled gate networks. Rather than trying to reduce the complexity of individual unitary operations, the new strategy is to toggle between all of the unitary operations needed…

We demonstrate a native $\mathrm{CNOT}$ gate between two individually addressed neutral atoms based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This protocol utilizes the strong long-range interactions of Rydberg states to enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-11 K. McDonnell , L. F. Keary , J. D. Pritchard

Efficient decomposition of permutation unitaries is vital as they frequently appear in quantum computing. In this paper, we identify the key properties that impact the decomposition process of permutation unitaries. Then, we classify these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-09 Ankit Khandelwal , Handy Kurniawan , Shraddha Aangiras , Özlem Salehi , Adam Glos

Optical qubits uniquely combine information transfer in optical fibers with a good processing capability and are therefore attractive tools for quantum technologies. A large challenge, however, is to overcome the low efficiency of two-qubit…

We demonstrate the use of optimal control to design two entropy-manipulating quantum gates which are more complex than the corresponding, commonly used, gates, such as CNOT and Toffoli (CCNOT): A 2-qubit gate called PE (polarization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-19 Yosi Atia , Yuval Elias , Tal Mor , Yossi Weinstein

Quantum algorithms offer a dramatic speedup for computational problems in machine learning, material science, and chemistry. However, any near-term realizations of these algorithms will need to be heavily optimized to fit within the finite…

The native gate set is fundamental to the performance of quantum devices, as it governs the accuracy of basic quantum operations and dictates the complexity of implementing quantum algorithms. Traditional approaches to extending gate sets…

We derive a set of composite pulse sequences that generates CNOT gates and correct all systematic errors within the logical subspace to arbitrary order. These sequences are applicable for any two-qubit interaction Hamiltonian, and make no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-19 Fernando A. Calderon-Vargas , J. P. Kestner

While mapping a quantum circuit to the physical layer one has to consider the numerous constraints imposed by the underlying hardware architecture. Connectivity of the physical qubits is one such constraint that restricts two-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-14 Vlad Gheorghiu , Jiaxin Huang , Sarah Meng Li , Michele Mosca , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

We give quantum circuits that simulate an arbitrary two-qubit unitary operator up to global phase. For several quantum gate libraries we prove that gate counts are optimal in worst and average cases. Our lower and upper bounds compare…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Vivek V. Shende , Igor L. Markov , Stephen S. Bullock