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The power and flexibility of software-defined networks lead to a programmable network infrastructure in which in-network computation can help accelerating the performance of applications. This can be achieved by offloading some…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Hebatalla Eldakiky , David Hung-Chang Du , Eman Ramadan

Key-Value (KV) caching is a common technique to enhance the computational efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs), but its memory overhead grows rapidly with input length. Prior work has shown that not all tokens are equally important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yu Fu , Zefan Cai , Abedelkadir Asi , Wayne Xiong , Yue Dong , Wen Xiao

The Receptance Weighted Key Value (RWKV) model offers a novel alternative to the Transformer architecture, merging the benefits of recurrent and attention-based systems. Unlike conventional Transformers, which depend heavily on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhiyuan Li , Tingyu Xia , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Serving transformer language models with high throughput requires caching Key-Values (KVs) to avoid redundant computation during autoregressive generation. The memory footprint of KV caching is significant and heavily impacts serving costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Anastasiia Filippova , David Grangier , Marco Cuturi , João Monteiro

Large language models (LLMs) face growing challenges in efficient generative inference due to the increasing memory demands of Key-Value (KV) caches, especially for long sequences. Existing eviction methods typically retain KV pairs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yongqi An , Chang Lu , Kuan Zhu , Tao Yu , Chaoyang Zhao , Hong Wu , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

In this paper, we introduce DobLIX, a dual-objective learned index specifically designed for Log-Structured Merge(LSM) tree-based key-value stores. Although traditional learned indexes focus exclusively on optimizing index lookups, they…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Alireza Heidari , Amirhossein Ahmadi , Wei Zhang

Large language models face significant computational and memory challenges when processing long contexts. During inference, efficient management of the key-value (KV) cache, which stores intermediate activations for autoregressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuxuan Zhu , Ali Falahati , David H. Yang , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri

The increasing memory demand of the Key-Value (KV) cache poses a significant bottleneck for Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-context applications. Existing low-rank KV compression methods reduce this footprint by modifying model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Shiyu Ji , Yixuan Wang , Yijun Liu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Log-Structured Merge (LSM) Trees provide a tiered data storage and retrieval paradigm that is attractive for write-optimized data systems. Maintaining an efficient buffer in memory and deferring updates past their initial write-time, the…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Aron Szanto

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across a wide range of tasks. However, LLMs often require larger batch sizes to enhance throughput or longer context lengths to meet task demands, which significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Zhihang Cai , Xingjun Zhang , Zhendong Tan , Zheng Wei

Modern key-value storage engines built on Log-Structured Merge-trees (LSM-trees), such as RocksDB and LevelDB, rely heavily on the performance of their compaction operations, which are impacted by a complex set of interdependent…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jiabiao Ding , Yina Lv , Qiao Li , Zhirong Shen , Chun Jason Xue

Growing efforts to improve knowledge distillation (KD) in large language models (LLMs) replace dense teacher supervision with selective distillation, which uses a subset of token positions, vocabulary classes, or training samples for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Almog Tavor , Itay Ebenspanger , Neil Cnaan , Mor Geva

Transformers have emerged as the backbone of large language models (LLMs). However, generation remains inefficient due to the need to store in memory a cache of key-value representations for past tokens, whose size scales linearly with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Piotr Nawrot , Adrian Łańcucki , Marcin Chochowski , David Tarjan , Edoardo M. Ponti

Existing key-value (KV) cache compression methods for large language models (LLMs) often rely on token eviction, which risks losing critical local information in both long prefilling and decoding scenarios. When extrapolating beyond the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jushi Kai , Yixuan Wang , Boyi Zeng , Haoli Bai , Bo Jiang , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

In the case of malware analysis, categorization of malicious files is an essential part after malware detection. Numerous static and dynamic techniques have been reported so far for categorizing malware. This research presents a deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Muhammad Furqan Rafique , Muhammad Ali , Aqsa Saeed Qureshi , Asifullah Khan , Anwar Majid Mirza

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized a wide range of domains such as natural language processing, computer vision, and multi-modal tasks due to their ability to comprehend context and perform logical reasoning. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haoyang Li , Yiming Li , Anxin Tian , Tianhao Tang , Zhanchao Xu , Xuejia Chen , Nicole Hu , Wei Dong , Qing Li , Lei Chen

Molecular Property Prediction (MPP) is a fundamental problem in drug discovery that has recently attracted growing attention. Large Language Models (LLMs), known for their impressive proficiency across domains, show promise as generalist…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Khiem Le , Sreejata Dey , Marcos Martínez Galindo , Vanessa Lopez , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla , Hoang Thanh Lam

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become the dominant paradigm for advanced reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs), but rollout samples are expensive to obtain, making sample efficiency a critical bottleneck. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuchun Miao , Sen Zhang , Yuqi Zhang , Yaorui Shi , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , Lefei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various NLP tasks. However, their computational costs are prohibitively high. To address this issue, previous research has attempted to distill the knowledge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Chengyuan Liu , Yangyang Kang , Fubang Zhao , Kun Kuang , Zhuoren Jiang , Changlong Sun , Fei Wu

The rapid growth of AI has fueled the expansion of accelerator- or GPU-based data centers. However, the rising operational energy consumption has emerged as a critical bottleneck and a major sustainability concern. Dynamic Voltage and…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jeffrey Spaan , Kuan-Hsun Chen , Ana-Lucia Varbanescu