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Detecting content generated by large language models (LLMs) is crucial for preventing misuse and building trustworthy AI systems. Although existing detection methods perform well, their robustness in out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xin Chen , Junchao Wu , Shu Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Zeyu Wu , Ziyang Luo , Di Wang , Min Yang , Lidia S. Chao , Derek F. Wong

The growing capability of large language models to produce fluent, contextually coherent text has created mounting pressure on the systems and institutions responsible for ensuring the authenticity of digital content. Advanced generative…

The language models, especially the basic text classification models, have been shown to be susceptible to textual adversarial attacks such as synonym substitution and word insertion attacks. To defend against such attacks, a growing body…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Xinyu Zhang , Hanbin Hong , Yuan Hong , Peng Huang , Binghui Wang , Zhongjie Ba , Kui Ren

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in various tasks (e.g., image classification, speech recognition, and natural language processing (NLP)). However, researchers have demonstrated that DNN-based models are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Wenqi Wang , Run Wang , Lina Wang , Zhibo Wang , Aoshuang Ye

Educators are increasingly concerned about the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT in programming education, particularly regarding the potential exploitation of imperfections in Artificial Intelligence Generated Content…

Detecting AI-generated text is a difficult problem to begin with; detecting AI-generated text on social media is made even more difficult due to the short text length and informal, idiosyncratic language of the internet. It is nonetheless…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hillary Dawkins , Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko

With the recent proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been an increasing demand for tools to detect machine-generated text. The effective detection of machine-generated text face two pertinent problems: First, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Mazal Bethany , Brandon Wherry , Emet Bethany , Nishant Vishwamitra , Anthony Rios , Peyman Najafirad

As large language models (LLMs) generate text that increasingly resembles human writing, the subtle cues that distinguish AI-generated content from human-written content become increasingly challenging to capture. Reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xiao Pu , Zepeng Cheng , Lin Yuan , Yu Wu , Xiuli Bi

Recent advances in generative pre-trained transformer large language models have emphasised the potential risks of unfair use of artificial intelligence (AI) generated content in an academic environment and intensified efforts in searching…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made it increasingly difficult to distinguish human-written text from AI-generated content. Many existing detectors train supervised neural classifiers that achieve strong in-distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Pingfan Su , Kai Ye , Shijin Gong , Erhan Xu , Jin Zhu , Giulia Livieri , Chengchun Shi

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT are increasingly being used for various use cases, including text content generation at scale. Although detection methods for such AI-generated text exist already, we investigate ChatGPT's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

The challenge of separating AI-generated text from human-authored content is becoming more urgent as generative AI technologies like ChatGPT become more widely available. In this work, we address this issue by looking at both the detection…

AI-generated text (AIGT) detection evasion aims to reduce the detection probability of AIGT, helping to identify weaknesses in detectors and enhance their effectiveness and reliability in practical applications. Although existing evasion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yinghan Zhou , Juan Wen , Wanli Peng , Zhengxian Wu , Ziwei Zhang , Yiming Xue

Machine-generated text (MGT) detection requires identifying structurally invariant signals across generation models, rather than relying on model-specific fingerprints. In this respect, we hypothesize that while large language models excel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Lucio La Cava , Andrea Tagarelli

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved beyond human-level accuracy in the image classification task and are widely deployed in real-world environments. However, CNNs show vulnerability to adversarial perturbations that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Desheng Wang , Weidong Jin , Yunpu Wu , Aamir Khan

The growing use of large language models (LLMs) for text generation has led to widespread concerns about AI-generated content detection. However, an overlooked challenge is AI-polished text, where human-written content undergoes subtle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Shoumik Saha , Soheil Feizi

We find that large language models (LLMs) are more likely to modify human-written text than AI-generated text when tasked with rewriting. This tendency arises because LLMs often perceive AI-generated text as high-quality, leading to fewer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Chengzhi Mao , Carl Vondrick , Hao Wang , Junfeng Yang

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has blurred the line between human and AI-generated texts, raising urgent questions about academic integrity, intellectual property, and the spread of misinformation. Thus,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Sharanya Parimanoharan , Ruwan D. Nawarathna

In recent years, many forensic detectors have been proposed to detect AI-generated images and prevent their use for malicious purposes. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have long been the dominant architecture in this field and have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Vincenzo De Rosa , Fabrizio Guillaro , Giovanni Poggi , Davide Cozzolino , Luisa Verdoliva

Large language models (LLMs) can produce text that closely resembles human writing. This capability raises concerns about misuse, including disinformation and content manipulation. Detecting AI-generated text is essential to maintain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Md. Rakibul Islam , Most. Sharmin Sultana Samu , Md. Zahid Hossain , Farhad Uz Zaman , Md. Kamrozzaman Bhuiyan