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While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional generalization capabilities, their ability to process graph data, such as molecular structures, remains limited. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes Graph2Token, an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Runze Wang , Mingqi Yang , Yanming Shen

Graphs are an essential data structure utilized to represent relationships in real-world scenarios. Prior research has established that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) deliver impressive outcomes in graph-centric tasks, such as link prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Xubin Ren , Jiabin Tang , Dawei Yin , Nitesh Chawla , Chao Huang

Accurate molecular property prediction is a critical challenge with wide-ranging applications in chemistry, materials science, and drug discovery. Molecular representation methods, including fingerprints and graph neural networks (GNNs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jiaxin Ju , Yizhen Zheng , Huan Yee Koh , Can Wang , Shirui Pan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in representing and understanding diverse modalities. However, they typically focus on modality alignment in a pairwise manner while overlooking structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jiajin Liu , Dongzhe Fan , Jiacheng Shen , Chuanhao Ji , Daochen Zha , Qiaoyu Tan

Following the milestones in large language models (LLMs) and multimodal models, we have seen a surge in applying LLMs to biochemical tasks. Leveraging graph features and molecular text representations, LLMs can tackle various tasks, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Chengxin Hu , Hao Li , Yihe Yuan , Jing Li , Ivor Tsang

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) for discriminative workloads is often limited by inference latency, compute, and API costs at scale. Active distillation reduces these costs by querying an LLM oracle to train compact discriminative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Ziyang Yu , Liang Zhao

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to models that tackle diverse molecular tasks, such as chemical reaction prediction and molecular property prediction. Large-scale molecular instruction-tuning datasets have enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chanhui Lee , Hanbum Ko , Yuheon Song , YongJun Jeong , Rodrigo Hormazabal , Sehui Han , Kyunghoon Bae , Sungbin Lim , Sungwoong Kim

Integrating the structural inductive biases of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with the global contextual modeling capabilities of Transformers represents a pivotal challenge in graph representation learning. While GNNs excel at capturing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zhihua Duan , Jialin Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used to learn vector representation of graph-structured data and achieved better task performance than conventional methods. The foundation of GNNs is the message passing procedure, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Takeshi D. Itoh , Takatomi Kubo , Kazushi Ikeda

Graphs serve as fundamental descriptors for systems composed of interacting elements, capturing a wide array of data types, from molecular interactions to social networks and knowledge graphs. In this paper, we present an exhaustive review…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Chenqing Hua

We present GDLNN, a new graph machine learning architecture, for graph classification tasks. GDLNN combines a domain-specific programming language, called GDL, with neural networks. The main strength of GDLNN lies in its GDL layer, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Minseok Jeon , Seunghyun Park

Graph Neural Network (GNN) has been demonstrated its effectiveness in dealing with non-Euclidean structural data. Both spatial-based and spectral-based GNNs are relying on adjacency matrix to guide message passing among neighbors during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Yang Hu , Haoxuan You , Zhecan Wang , Zhicheng Wang , Erjin Zhou , Yue Gao

Recent efforts leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) for modeling text-attributed graph structures in node classification tasks. These approaches describe graph structures for LLMs to understand or aggregate LLM-generated textual attribute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Huachi Zhou , Jiahe Du , Chuang Zhou , Chang Yang , Yilin Xiao , Yuxuan Xie , Xiao Huang

Virtual screening plays a critical role in modern drug discovery by enabling the identification of promising candidate molecules for experimental validation. Traditional machine learning methods such, as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Radia Berreziga , Mohammed Brahimi , Khairedine Kraim , Hamid Azzoune

In recent studies, neural message passing has proved to be an effective way to design graph neural networks (GNNs), which have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many graph-based tasks. However, current neural-message passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Wentao Zhang , Yu Shen , Zheyu Lin , Yang Li , Xiaosen Li , Wen Ouyang , Yangyu Tao , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Graph neural networks (GNNs) demonstrate great performance in compound property and activity prediction due to their capability to efficiently learn complex molecular graph structures. However, two main limitations persist including…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-10 Apakorn Kengkanna , Masahito Ohue

Although the convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved excellent performance in vision tasks by extracting the intra-sample representation, it will take a higher training expense because of stacking numerous convolutional layers.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Ziheng Jiao , Hongyuan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Recent studies attempted to utilize multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) to solve semi-supervised node classification on graphs, by training a student MLP by knowledge distillation (KD) from a teacher graph neural network (GNN). While previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yong-Min Shin , Won-Yong Shin

The prediction of physicochemical properties from molecular structures is a crucial task for artificial intelligence aided molecular design. A growing number of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been proposed to address this challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Shuo Zhang , Yang Liu , Lei Xie

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in mapping data from different domains to graph structures. Among others, neural network models such as the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) can be modeled as graphs. In fact, MLPs can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-06 Giannis Nikolentzos , Siyun Wang , Johannes Lutzeyer , Michalis Vazirgiannis