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The rapid advancement of bug-finding techniques has led to the discovery of more vulnerabilities than developers can reasonably fix, creating an urgent need for effective Automated Program Repair (APR) methods. However, the complexity of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Han Zheng , Ilia Shumailov , Tianqi Fan , Aiden Hall , Mathias Payer

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for Automated Program Repair (APR), yet their effectiveness on security vulnerabilities remains poorly characterized. This study analyzes 319 LLM-generated security patchesacross 64 Java…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Amir Al-Maamari

Bug Reproduction Tests (BRTs) have been used in many Automated Program Repair (APR) systems, primarily for validating promising fixes and aiding fix generation. In practice, when developers submit a patch, they often implement the BRT…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Runxiang Cheng , Michele Tufano , José Cambronero , Renyao Wei , Sherry Shi , Grant Uy , Pat Rondon , Franjo Ivančić

Programming is increasingly taught using block-based languages like Scratch. While the use of blocks prevents syntax errors, learners can still make semantic mistakes, requiring feedback and help. As teachers may be overwhelmed by help…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Sebastian Schweikl , Gordon Fraser

Timely and effective vulnerability patching is essential for cybersecurity defense, for which various approaches have been proposed yet still struggle to generate valid and correct patches for real-world vulnerabilities. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Yu Nong , Haoran Yang , Long Cheng , Hongxin Hu , Haipeng Cai

Sequence-to-sequence models have been used to transform erroneous programs into correct ones when trained with a large enough dataset. Some recent studies also demonstrated strong empirical evidence that code review could improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Rishov Paul , Md. Mohib Hossain , Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Masum Hasan , Anindya Iqbal , Joanna C. S. Santos

In the past decade, research on test-suite-based automatic program repair has grown significantly. Each year, new approaches and implementations are featured in major software engineering venues. However, most of those approaches are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Thomas Durieux , Fernanda Madeiral , Matias Martinez , Rui Abreu

In supporting the development of high-quality software, especially necessary in the era of LLMs, automated program repair (APR) tools aim to improve code quality by automatically addressing violations detected by static analysis profilers.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Sumudu Liyanage , Sherlock A. Licorish , Markus Wagner , Stephen G. MacDonell

LLM-based automated program repair (APR) techniques have shown promising results in reducing debugging costs. However, prior results can be affected by data leakage: large language models (LLMs) may memorize bug fixes when evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Milan De Koning , Ali Asgari , Pouria Derakhshanfar , Annibale Panichella

Prompting LLMs with bug-related context (e.g., error messages, stack traces) improves automated program repair, but many bugs still remain unresolved. In real-world projects, developers often rely on broader repository and project-level…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ramtin Ehsani , Esteban Parra , Sonia Haiduc , Preetha Chatterjee

Automated program repair (APR) techniques have achieved conspicuous progress, and are now capable of producing genuinely correct fixes in scenarios that were well beyond their capabilities only a few years ago. Nevertheless, even when an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shifat Sahariar Bhuiyan , Abhishek Tiwari , Yu Pei , Carlo A. Furia

Test-based automated program repair has been a prolific field of research in software engineering in the last decade. Many approaches have indeed been proposed, which leverage test suites as a weak, but affordable, approximation to program…

Learning-based automated vulnerability repair (AVR) techniques that utilize fine-tuned language models have shown promise in generating vulnerability patches. However, questions remain about their ability to repair unseen vulnerabilities.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Woorim Han , Yeongjun Kwak , Miseon Yu , Kyeongmin Kim , Younghan Lee , Hyungon Moon , Yunheung Paek

Automated program repair is an emerging technology that seeks to automatically rectify bugs and vulnerabilities using learning, search, and semantic analysis. Trust in automatically generated patches is necessary for achieving greater…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Yannic Noller , Ridwan Shariffdeen , Xiang Gao , Abhik Roychoudhury

Automated Program Repair (APR) is defined as the process of fixing a bug/defect in the source code, by an automated tool. APR tools have recently experienced promising results by leveraging state-of-the-art Neural Language Processing (NLP)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Armin Zirak , Hadi Hemmati

Automated Program Repair (APR) aims to enhance software reliability by automatically generating bug-fixing patches. Recent work has improved the state-of-the-art of APR by fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs), such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Xuemeng Cai , Lingxiao Jiang

Current automated program repair (APR) techniques are far from being practical and useful enough to be considered for realistic debugging. They rely on unrealistic assumptions including the requirement of a comprehensive suite of test cases…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Qi Xin , Haojun Wu , Steven P. Reiss , Jifeng Xuan

Automated program repair (APR) attempts to reduce manual debugging efforts and plays a vital role in software maintenance. Despite remarkable progress, APR is still limited in generating overfitting patches, i.e., patches passing available…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Quanjun Zhang , Ye Shang , Haichuan Hu , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen , Liang Xiao

Fault Localization (FL) is a critical step in Automated Program Repair (APR), and its importance has increased with the rise of Large Language Model (LLM)-based repair agents. In realistic project-level repair scenarios, software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Melika Sepidband , Hamed Taherkhani , Hung Viet Pham , Hadi Hemmati

Automated Program Repair has attracted significant research in recent years, leading to diverse techniques that focus on two main directions: search-based and semantic-based program repair. The former techniques often face challenges due to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Abdulaziz Alhefdhi , Hoa Khanh Dam , Thanh Le-Cong , Bach Le , Aditya Ghose