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Transformers are the current architecture of choice for NLP, but their attention layers do not scale well to long contexts. Recent works propose to replace attention with linear recurrent layers -- this is the case for state space models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Hugo Pitorro , Pavlo Vasylenko , Marcos Treviso , André F. T. Martins

In recent years, Transformers have become the de-facto architecture for sequence modeling on text and a variety of multi-dimensional data, such as images and video. However, the use of self-attention layers in a Transformer incurs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Shufan Li , Harkanwar Singh , Aditya Grover

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide spectrum of natural language processing tasks. However, their ever-growing scale introduces significant barriers to real-world deployment, including substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Guangxin Wu , Hao Zhang , Zhang Zhibin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Fine-tuning pretrained LLMs has been shown to be an effective strategy for reaching state-of-the-art performance on specific tasks like machine translation. However, this process of adaptation often implies sacrificing general-purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Ricardo Rei , Nuno M. Guerreiro , José Pombal , João Alves , Pedro Teixeirinha , Amin Farajian , André F. T. Martins

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in combining deep learning models with reasoning in order to handle more sophisticated learning tasks. In many cases, a reasoning task can be solved by an iterative algorithm. This algorithm is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Xinshi Chen , Yufei Zhang , Christoph Reisinger , Le Song

Recent studies have shown that a hybrid of self-attention networks (SANs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) outperforms both individual architectures, while not much is known about why the hybrid models work. With the belief that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Jie Hao , Xing Wang , Shuming Shi , Jinfeng Zhang , Zhaopeng Tu

Lattices are compact representations that encode multiple hypotheses, such as speech recognition results or different word segmentations. It is shown that encoding lattices as opposed to 1-best results generated by automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Recent progress in natural language processing has been driven by advances in both model architecture and model pretraining. Transformer architectures have facilitated building higher-capacity models and pretraining has made it possible to…

We present Jamba, a new base large language model based on a novel hybrid Transformer-Mamba mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture. Specifically, Jamba interleaves blocks of Transformer and Mamba layers, enjoying the benefits of both model…

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has garnered significant research interest due to its capability to discover architectures superior to manually designed ones. Learning text representation is crucial for text classification and other…

Looped Transformers offer a promising alternative to purely feed-forward computation by iteratively refining latent representations, improving language modeling and reasoning. Yet recurrent architectures remain unstable to train, costly to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jacob Fein-Ashley , Paria Rashidinejad

In recent times there has been a surge of multi-modal architectures based on Large Language Models, which leverage the zero shot generation capabilities of LLMs and project image embeddings into the text space and then use the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Kousik Rajesh , Mrigank Raman , Mohammed Asad Karim , Pranit Chawla

Iterative improvement of model architectures is fundamental to deep learning: Transformers first enabled scaling, and recent advances in model hybridization have pushed the quality-efficiency frontier. However, optimizing architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Armin W. Thomas , Rom Parnichkun , Alexander Amini , Stefano Massaroli , Michael Poli

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a landmark achievement in Artificial Intelligence (AI), demonstrating unprecedented proficiency in procedural tasks such as text generation, code completion, and conversational coherence. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Schaun Wheeler , Olivier Jeunen

The Transformer architecture has emerged as a landmark advancement within the broad field of artificial intelligence, effectively catalyzing the advent of large language models (LLMs). However, despite its remarkable capabilities and the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Huangzhao Zhang , Yihong Dong , Jia Li , Jingjing Xu , Zhi Jin

Transformer, originally devised for natural language processing, has also attested significant success in computer vision. Thanks to its super expressive power, researchers are investigating ways to deploy transformers to reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Shengchao Hu , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Yixin Chen , Dacheng Tao

Recent work has demonstrated the potential of non-transformer language models, especially linear recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and hybrid models that mix recurrence and attention. Yet there is no consensus on whether the potential…

Structured State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in sequence modeling, addressing critical limitations of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Transformers, namely, vanishing gradients, sequential computation…

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into robotic systems has accelerated progress in embodied artificial intelligence, yet current approaches remain constrained by existing robotic architectures, particularly serial mechanisms.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Guanglu Jia , Ceng Zhang , Gregory S. Chirikjian

When developing general purpose robots, the overarching software architecture can greatly affect the ease of accomplishing various tasks. Initial efforts to create unified robot systems in the 1990s led to hybrid architectures, emphasizing…