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Instruction tuning has remarkably advanced large language models (LLMs) in understanding and responding to diverse human instructions. Despite the success in high-resource languages, its application in lower-resource ones faces challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Zhihan Zhang , Dong-Ho Lee , Yuwei Fang , Wenhao Yu , Mengzhao Jia , Meng Jiang , Francesco Barbieri

Prompt engineering is a new paradigm for enhancing the performance of trained neural network models. For optimizing text-style prompts, existing methods usually individually operate small portions of a text step by step, which either breaks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yujian Betterest Li , Kai Wu

AfterLearnER (After Learning Evolutionary Retrofitting) consists in applying evolutionary optimization to refine fully trained machine learning models by optimizing a set of carefully chosen parameters or hyperparameters of the model, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Mathurin Videau , Mariia Zameshina , Alessandro Leite , Laurent Najman , Marc Schoenauer , Olivier Teytaud

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to a targeted task efficiently and effectively remains a fundamental challenge. Such adaptation often requires iteratively improving the model toward a targeted task, yet collecting high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ting-Wei Li , Sirui Chen , Jiaru Zou , Yingbing Huang , Tianxin Wei , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

Self-evolving memory systems are unprecedentedly reshaping the evolutionary paradigm of large language model (LLM)-based agents. Prior work has predominantly relied on manually engineered memory architectures to store trajectories, distill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Guibin Zhang , Haotian Ren , Chong Zhan , Zhenhong Zhou , Junhao Wang , He Zhu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Shuicheng Yan

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-domain dialogues. However, current methods exhibit suboptimal performance in service dialogues, as they rely on noisy, low-quality human conversation data. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yuqin Dai , Ning Gao , Wei Zhang , Jie Wang , Zichen Luo , Jinpeng Wang , Yujie Wang , Ruiyuan Wu , Chaozheng Wang

The so-called Baldwin Effect generally says how learning, as a form of ontogenetic adaptation, can influence the process of phylogenetic adaptation, or evolution. This idea has also been taken into computation in which evolution and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Nam Le

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential for automating the evaluation of natural language generation. Previous frameworks of LLM-as-a-judge fall short in two ways: they either use zero-shot setting without consulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Mingxuan Li , Hanchen Li , Chenhao Tan

Recent large language models (LLMs) are promising for making decisions in grounded environments. However, LLMs frequently fail in complex decision-making tasks due to the misalignment between the pre-trained knowledge in LLMs and the actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Siqi Ouyang , Lei Li

The effective assessment of the instruction-following ability of large language models (LLMs) is of paramount importance. A model that cannot adhere to human instructions might be not able to provide reliable and helpful responses. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yimin Jing , Renren Jin , Jiahao Hu , Huishi Qiu , Xiaohua Wang , Peng Wang , Deyi Xiong

In the instruction fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), it is widely recognized that a few high-quality instructions are superior to a large number of low-quality instructions. At present, many instruction selection methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Qingsong Lv , Yangning Li , Zihua Lan , Zishan Xu , Jiwei Tang , Tingwei Lu , Yinghui Li , Wenhao Jiang , Hong-Gee Kim , Hai-Tao Zheng , Philip S. Yu

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled the industry to develop various AI-based services. Instruction tuning is considered essential in adapting foundation models for target domains to provide high-quality services…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jungwoo Kim , Minsang Kim , Sungjin Lee

Incremental learning is the ability of systems to acquire knowledge over time, enabling their adaptation and generalization to novel tasks. It is a critical ability for intelligent, real-world systems, especially when data changes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Mladjan Jovanovic , Peter Voss

Instruction tuning has become a foundation for unlocking the capabilities of large-scale pretrained models and improving their performance on complex tasks. Thus, the construction of high-quality instruction datasets is crucial for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Li Du , Hanyu Zhao , Yiming Ju , Tengfei Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-ended text generation tasks. However, the inherent open-ended nature of these tasks implies that there is always room for improvement in the quality of model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Ziqi Wang , Le Hou , Tianjian Lu , Yuexin Wu , Yunxuan Li , Hongkun Yu , Heng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) are not amenable to frequent re-training, due to high training costs arising from their massive scale. However, updates are necessary to endow LLMs with new skills and keep them up-to-date with rapidly evolving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Tongtong Wu , Linhao Luo , Yuan-Fang Li , Shirui Pan , Thuy-Trang Vu , Gholamreza Haffari

Instruction-tuning can be substantially optimized through enhanced diversity, resulting in models capable of handling a broader spectrum of tasks. However, existing data employed for such tuning often exhibit an inadequate coverage of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Fanqi Wan , Xinting Huang , Tao Yang , Xiaojun Quan , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

Building a deep learning model for a Question-Answering (QA) task requires a lot of human effort, it may need several months to carefully tune various model architectures and find a best one. It's even harder to find different excellent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Sinan Tan , Hui Xue , Qiyu Ren , Huaping Liu , Jing Bai

Data Darwinism (Part I) established a ten-level hierarchy for data processing, showing that stronger processing can unlock greater data value. However, that work relied on manually designed strategies for a single category. Modern…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Tiantian Mi , Dongming Shan , Zhen Huang , Yiwei Qin , Muhang Xie , Yuxuan Qiao , Yixiu Liu , Chenyang Zhou , Pengfei Liu

In the past decades, recommender systems have attracted much attention in both research and industry communities, and a large number of studies have been devoted to developing effective recommendation models. Basically speaking, these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Junjie Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Yupeng Hou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Leyu Lin , Ji-Rong Wen
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