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Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a powerful modeling framework for representing tractable probability distributions over combinatorial spaces. In machine learning and probabilistic programming, one is often interested in understanding…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Yash Pote , Kuldeep S. Meel

In many real-world scenarios, it is crucial to be able to reliably and efficiently reason under uncertainty while capturing complex relationships in data. Probabilistic circuits (PCs), a prominent family of tractable probabilistic models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Zhongjie Yu , Martin Trapp , Kristian Kersting

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are deep generative models that support exact and efficient probabilistic inference. Yet in autoregressive language modeling, PCs still lag behind Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), suggesting an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhiyu Zhao , Xuejie Liu , Muhan Zhang , Anji Liu

Differentiable model predictive control (MPC) offers a powerful framework for combining learning and control. However, its adoption has been limited by the inherently sequential nature of traditional optimization algorithms, which are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Emre Adabag , Marcus Greiff , John Subosits , Thomas Lew

The graphics processing unit (GPU) has emerged as a powerful and cost effective processor for general performance computing. GPUs are capable of an order of magnitude more floating-point operations per second as compared to modern central…

Computation · Statistics 2012-07-24 Mark Franey , Pritam Ranjan , Hugh Chipman

Deep generative models (DGMs) for graphs achieve impressively high expressive power thanks to very efficient and scalable neural networks. However, these networks contain non-linearities that prevent analytical computation of many standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Martin Rektoris , Milan Papež , Václav Šmídl , Tomáš Pevný

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) offer a promising avenue to perform embedded reasoning under uncertainty. They support efficient and exact computation of various probabilistic inference tasks by design. Hence, hardware-efficient computation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Lingyun Yao , Martin Trapp , Jelin Leslin , Gaurav Singh , Peng Zhang , Karthekeyan Periasamy , Martin Andraud

The main goal in many fields in the empirical sciences is to discover causal relationships among a set of variables from observational data. PC algorithm is one of the promising solutions to learn underlying causal structure by performing a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Behrooz Zarebavani , Foad Jafarinejad , Matin Hashemi , Saber Salehkaleybar

Probabilistic reasoning is an essential tool for robust decision-making systems because of its ability to explicitly handle real-world uncertainty, constraints and causal relations. Consequently, researchers are developing hybrid models by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Nimish Shah , Laura I. Galindez Olascoaga , Wannes Meert , Marian Verhelst

Deep generative models (DGMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable success in capturing complex probability distributions over graphs. Although their excellent performance is attributed to powerful and scalable deep neural networks, it is,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Milan Papež , Martin Rektoris , Václav Šmídl , Tomáš Pevný

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a class of tractable probabilistic models that allow efficient, often linear-time, inference of queries such as marginals and most probable explanations (MPE). However, marginal MAP, which is central to many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-07 YooJung Choi , Tal Friedman , Guy Van den Broeck

A fundamental challenge in probabilistic modeling is to balance expressivity and inference efficiency. Tractable probabilistic models (TPMs) aim to directly address this tradeoff by imposing constraints that guarantee efficient inference of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 John Leland , YooJung Choi

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) have emerged as an efficient framework for representing and learning complex probability distributions. Nevertheless, the existing body of research on PCs predominantly concentrates on data-driven parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Athresh Karanam , Saurabh Mathur , Sahil Sidheekh , Sriraam Natarajan

Designing expressive generative models that support exact and efficient inference is a core question in probabilistic ML. Probabilistic circuits (PCs) offer a framework where this tractability-vs-expressiveness trade-off can be analyzed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Lorenzo Loconte , Stefan Mengel , Antonio Vergari

The pre-trained model (PTM) is revolutionizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. However, the hardware requirement of PTM training is prohibitively high, making it a game for a small proportion of people. Therefore, we proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Jiarui Fang , Zilin Zhu , Shenggui Li , Hui Su , Yang Yu , Jie Zhou , Yang You

Probabilistic Programming Languages (PPLs) are a powerful tool in machine learning, allowing highly expressive generative models to be expressed succinctly. They couple complex inference algorithms, implemented by the language, with an…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Alexander Collins , Vinod Grover

Predictive coding (PC) is a brain-inspired local learning algorithm that has recently been suggested to provide advantages over backpropagation (BP) in biologically relevant scenarios. While theoretical work has mainly focused on showing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Francesco Innocenti , Ryan Singh , Christopher L. Buckley

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a family of generative models which allows for the computation of exact likelihoods and marginals of its probability distributions. PCs are both expressive and tractable, and serve as popular choices for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Andy Shih , Dorsa Sadigh , Stefano Ermon

While the advances in synchrotron light sources, together with the development of focusing optics and detectors, allow nanoscale ptychographic imaging of materials and biological specimens, the corresponding experiments can yield…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Xiaodong Yu , Viktor Nikitin , Daniel J. Ching , Selin Aslan , Doga Gursoy , Tekin Bicer

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical technique commonly used in multivariate data analysis. However, PCA can be difficult to interpret and explain since the principal components (PCs) are linear combinations of the original…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-12-24 W. Liu , H. Zhang , D. Tao , Y. Wang , K. Lu