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Bronze inscriptions from early China are fragmentary and difficult to date. We introduce BIRD(Bronze Inscription Restoration and Dating), a fully encoded dataset grounded in standard scholarly transcriptions and chronological labels. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Wenjie Hua , Hoang H. Nguyen , Gangyan Ge

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a cornerstone for the safe deployment of AI systems in the open world. However, existing methods treat OOD detection as a binary classification problem, a cognitive flattening that fails to distinguish…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Ningkang Peng , Yuzhe Mao , Yuhao Zhang , Linjin Qian , Qianfeng Yu , Yanhui Gu , Yi Chen , Li Kong

This paper reviews the development of Chinese word segmentation (CWS) in the most recent decade, 2007-2017. Special attention was paid to the deep learning technologies that has already permeated into most areas of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Hai Zhao , Deng Cai , Changning Huang , Chunyu Kit

OLAC was founded in 2000 for creating online databases of language resources. This paper intends to review the bottom-up distributed character of the project and proposes an extension of the architecture for Dravidian languages. An…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-09-01 B Prabhulla Chandran Pillai

In medical imaging, unsupervised out-of-distribution (OOD) detection offers an attractive approach for identifying pathological cases with extremely low incidence rates. In contrast to supervised methods, OOD-based approaches function…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Lemar Abdi , Francisco Caetano , Amaan Valiuddin , Christiaan Viviers , Hamdi Joudeh , Fons van der Sommen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection represents a critical challenge in remote sensing applications, where reliable identification of novel or anomalous patterns is essential for autonomous monitoring, disaster response, and environmental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Chenhao Wang , Yingrui Ji , Yu Meng , Yunjian Zhang , Yao Zhu

As point cloud data increases in prevalence in a variety of applications, the ability to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) point cloud objects becomes critical for ensuring model safety and reliability. However, this problem remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Adam Goodge , Xun Xu , Bryan Hooi , Wee Siong Ng , Jingyi Liao , Yongyi Su , Xulei Yang

The ultimate aim of handwriting recognition is to make computers able to read and/or authenticate human written texts, with a performance comparable to or even better than that of humans. Reading means that the computer is given a piece of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-06-26 Manal A. Abdullah , Lulwah M. Al-Harigy , Hanadi H. Al-Fraidi

Word sense disambiguation is a fundamental challenge in natural language understanding. Current methods are primarily aimed at coarse-grained representations (e.g. WordNet synsets or FrameNet frames) and require hand-annotated training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Kexin Zhao , Ken Forbus

Instance segmentation in remote sensing images is a long-standing challenge. Since horizontal bounding boxes introduce many interference objects, oriented bounding boxes (OBBs) are usually used for instance identification. However, based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhen Zhou , Junfeng Fan , Yunkai Ma , Sihan Zhao , Fengshui Jing , Min Tan

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) in multilingual, noisy, and diverse real-world images remains a significant challenge for optical character recognition systems. With the rise of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), there is growing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Aryan Gupta , Anupam Purwar

In this paper, we investigate a practical yet challenging task: On-the-fly Category Discovery (OCD). This task focuses on the online identification of newly arriving stream data that may belong to both known and unknown categories,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xiao Liu , Nan Pu , Haiyang Zheng , Wenjing Li , Nicu Sebe , Zhun Zhong

To fully understand the 3D context of a single image, a visual system must be able to segment both the visible and occluded regions of objects, while discerning their occlusion order. Ideally, the system should be able to handle any object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Jiayang Ao , Qiuhong Ke , Krista A. Ehinger

In this work, we introduce the BBC-Oxford British Sign Language (BOBSL) dataset, a large-scale video collection of British Sign Language (BSL). BOBSL is an extended and publicly released dataset based on the BSL-1K dataset introduced in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Samuel Albanie , Gül Varol , Liliane Momeni , Hannah Bull , Triantafyllos Afouras , Himel Chowdhury , Neil Fox , Bencie Woll , Rob Cooper , Andrew McParland , Andrew Zisserman

There are limited works showing the efficacy of unsupervised Out-of-Distribution (OOD) methods on complex medical data. Here, we present preliminary findings of our unsupervised OOD detection algorithm, SimCLR-LOF, as well as a recent state…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-10 Max Torop , Sandesh Ghimire , Wenqian Liu , Dana H. Brooks , Octavia Camps , Milind Rajadhyaksha , Jennifer Dy , Kivanc Kose

The oldest (c. 4000 BC) undeciphered language is the Old European Script known from approximately 940 inscribed objects (82% of inscriptions on pottery) found in excavations in the Vinca-Tordos region Transylvania. Also, it is not known for…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eric Lewin Altschuler , Nicholas Christenfeld

Research around Spiking Neural Networks has ignited during the last years due to their advantages when compared to traditional neural networks, including their efficient processing and inherent ability to model complex temporal dynamics.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Aitor Martinez Seras , Javier Del Ser , Jesus L. Lobo , Pablo Garcia-Bringas , Nikola Kasabov

The problem of detecting a novel class at run time is known as Open Set Detection & is important for various real-world applications like medical application, autonomous driving, etc. Open Set Detection within context of deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Risheek Garrepalli

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for reliable and trustworthy machine learning. Recent multi-modal OOD detection leverages textual information from in-distribution (ID) class names for visual OOD detection, yet it currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Yi Dai , Hao Lang , Kaisheng Zeng , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

3D semantic occupancy prediction is crucial for autonomous driving, providing a dense, semantically rich environmental representation. However, existing methods focus on in-distribution scenes, making them susceptible to Out-of-Distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuheng Zhang , Mengfei Duan , Kunyu Peng , Yuhang Wang , Ruiping Liu , Fei Teng , Kai Luo , Zhiyong Li , Kailun Yang