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Understanding humanity's earliest writing systems is crucial for reconstructing civilization's origins, yet many ancient scripts remain undeciphered. Oracle Bone Script (OBS) from China's Shang dynasty exemplifies this challenge: only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yin Wu , Gangjian Zhang , Jiayu Chen , Chang Xu , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang , Hui Xiong

Oracle bone script, one of the earliest known forms of ancient Chinese writing, presents invaluable research materials for scholars studying the humanities and geography of the Shang Dynasty, dating back 3,000 years. The immense historical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Pengjie Wang , Kaile Zhang , Xinyu Wang , Shengwei Han , Yongge Liu , Jinpeng Wan , Haisu Guan , Zhebin Kuang , Lianwen Jin , Xiang Bai , Yuliang Liu

As one of the earliest ancient languages, Oracle Bone Script (OBS) encapsulates the cultural records and intellectual expressions of ancient civilizations. Despite the discovery of approximately 4,500 OBS characters, only about 1,600 have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Caoshuo Li , Zengmao Ding , Xiaobin Hu , Bang Li , Donghao Luo , AndyPian Wu , Chaoyang Wang , Chengjie Wang , Taisong Jin , SevenShu , Yunsheng Wu , Yongge Liu , Rongrong Ji

As the oldest mature writing system, Oracle Bone Script (OBS) has long posed significant challenges for archaeological decipherment due to its rarity, abstractness, and pictographic diversity. Current deep learning-based methods have made…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Kaixin Peng , Mengyang Zhao , Haiyang Yu , Teng Fu , Bin Li

Oracle bone inscriptions(OBI) is the earliest developed writing system in China, bearing invaluable written exemplifications of early Shang history and paleography. However, the task of deciphering OBI, in the current climate of the…

Oracle bone script (OBS), as China's earliest mature writing system, present significant challenges in automatic recognition due to their complex pictographic structures and divergence from modern Chinese characters. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Hanqi Jiang , Yi Pan , Junhao Chen , Zhengliang Liu , Yifan Zhou , Peng Shu , Yiwei Li , Huaqin Zhao , Stephen Mihm , Lewis C Howe , Tianming Liu

Deciphering oracle bone scripts plays an important role in Chinese archaeology and philology. However, a significant challenge remains due to the scarcity of oracle character images. To overcome this issue, we propose Diff-Oracle, a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Jing Li , Qiu-Feng Wang , Siyuan Wang , Rui Zhang , Kaizhu Huang , Erik Cambria

Oracle Bone Inscription (OBI) is the earliest mature writing system in China, which represents a crucial stage in the development of hieroglyphs. Nevertheless, the substantial quantity of undeciphered OBI characters remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zhicong Wu , Qifeng Su , Ke Gu , Xiaodong Shi

As one of the earliest writing systems, Oracle Bone Script (OBS) preserves the cultural and intellectual heritage of ancient civilizations. However, current OBS research faces two major challenges: (1) the interpretation of OBS involves a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Caoshuo Li , Zengmao Ding , Xiaobin Hu , Bang Li , Donghao Luo , Xu Peng , Taisong Jin , Yongge Liu , Shengwei Han , Jing Yang , Xiaoping He , Feng Gao , AndyPian Wu , SevenShu , Chaoyang Wang , Chengjie Wang

The earliest extant Chinese characters originate from oracle bone inscriptions, which are closely related to other East Asian languages. These inscriptions hold immense value for anthropology and archaeology. However, deciphering oracle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Haisu Guan , Jinpeng Wan , Yuliang Liu , Pengjie Wang , Kaile Zhang , Zhebin Kuang , Xinyu Wang , Xiang Bai , Lianwen Jin

Oracle bone script is the earliest-known Chinese writing system of the Shang dynasty and is precious to archeology and philology. However, real-world scanned oracle data are rare and few experts are available for annotation which make the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Mei Wang , Weihong Deng , Cheng-Lin Liu

Oracle bone inscriptions (OBIs) contain some of the oldest characters in the world and were used in China about 3000 years ago. As an ancient form of literature, OBIs store a lot of information that can help us understand the world history,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Yoshiyuki Fujikawa , Hengyi Li , Xuebin Yue , Aravinda C , Amar Prabhu G , Lin Meng

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is one of the oldest existing forms of writing in the world. However, due to the great antiquity of the era, a large number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions (OBI) remain undeciphered, making it one of the global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Pengjie Wang , Kaile Zhang , Xinyu Wang , Shengwei Han , Yongge Liu , Lianwen Jin , Xiang Bai , Yuliang Liu

Oracle Bone Inscriptions (OBIs), play a crucial role in understanding ancient Chinese civilization. The automated detection of OBIs from rubbing images represents a fundamental yet challenging task in digital archaeology, primarily due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ye Tao , Xinran Fu , Honglin Pang , Xi Yang , Chuntao Li

Oracle bone inscriptions (OBIs) are the earliest known form of Chinese characters and serve as a valuable resource for research in anthropology and archaeology. However, most excavated fragments are severely degraded due to thousands of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Jinhao Li , Zijian Chen , Tingzhu Chen , Zhiji Liu , Changbo Wang

Oracle character recognition-an analysis of ancient Chinese inscriptions found on oracle bones-has become a pivotal field intersecting archaeology, paleography, and historical cultural studies. Traditional methods of oracle character…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jing Li , Xueke Chi , Qiufeng Wang , Dahan Wang , Kaizhu Huang , Yongge Liu , Cheng-lin Liu

Ancient manuscripts are the primary source of ancient linguistic corpora. However, many ancient manuscripts exhibit duplications due to unintentional repeated publication or deliberate forgery. The Dead Sea Scrolls, for example, include…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chongsheng Zhang , Shuwen Wu , Yingqi Chen , Yi Men , Gaojuan Fan , Matthias Aßenmacher , Christian Heumann , João Gama

The oracle bone inscription (OBI) recognition plays a significant role in understanding the history and culture of ancient China. However, the existing OBI datasets suffer from a long-tail distribution problem, leading to biased performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Jinhao Li , Zijian Chen , Runze Jiang , Tingzhu Chen , Changbo Wang , Guangtao Zhai

Constructing historical language models (LMs) plays a crucial role in aiding archaeological provenance studies and understanding ancient cultures. However, existing resources present major challenges for training effective LMs on historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Xiaolei Diao , Zhihan Zhou , Lida Shi , Ting Wang , Ruihua Qi , Hao Xu , Daqian Shi

Ancient history relies on the study of ancient characters. However, real-world scanned oracle characters are difficult to collect and annotate, posing a major obstacle for oracle character recognition (OrCR). Besides, serious abrasion and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Mei Wang , Weihong Deng , Sen Su
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