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Recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models have enabled the generation of diverse and high-quality images. While impressive, the images often fall short of depicting subtle details and are susceptible to errors due to ambiguity in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Idan Schwartz , Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson , Hila Chefer , Ryan Cotterell , Serge Belongie , Lior Wolf , Sagie Benaim

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are a family of generative models that learn to sample objects with probabilities proportional to a given reward function. The key concept behind GFlowNets is the use of two stochastic policies: a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Timofei Gritsaev , Nikita Morozov , Sergey Samsonov , Daniil Tiapkin

While many unsupervised learning models focus on one family of tasks, either generative or discriminative, we explore the possibility of a unified representation learner: a model which uses a single pre-training stage to address both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Soumik Mukhopadhyay , Matthew Gwilliam , Vatsal Agarwal , Namitha Padmanabhan , Archana Swaminathan , Srinidhi Hegde , Tianyi Zhou , Abhinav Shrivastava

Large-scale diffusion models have achieved remarkable performance in generative tasks. Beyond their initial training applications, these models have proven their ability to function as versatile plug-and-play priors. For instance, 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Xiaofeng Yang , Cheng Chen , Xulei Yang , Fayao Liu , Guosheng Lin

Diffusion models have emerged as a dominant paradigm for generative modeling across a wide range of domains, including prompt-conditional generation. The vast majority of samplers, however, rely on forward discretization of the reverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhenghan Fang , Jian Zheng , Qiaozi Gao , Xiaofeng Gao , Jeremias Sulam

We present Diffusion-KTO, a novel approach for aligning text-to-image diffusion models by formulating the alignment objective as the maximization of expected human utility. Since this objective applies to each generation independently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Shufan Li , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Akash Gokul , Yusuke Kato , Kazuki Kozuka

In text-to-image generation tasks, the advancements of diffusion models have facilitated the fidelity of generated results. However, these models encounter challenges when processing text prompts containing multiple entities and attributes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Yihang Wu , Xiao Cao , Kaixin Li , Zitan Chen , Haonan Wang , Lei Meng , Zhiyong Huang

This tutorial provides an in-depth guide on inference-time guidance and alignment methods for optimizing downstream reward functions in diffusion models. While diffusion models are renowned for their generative modeling capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Masatoshi Uehara , Yulai Zhao , Chenyu Wang , Xiner Li , Aviv Regev , Sergey Levine , Tommaso Biancalani

Diffusion models promise efficient parallel text generation but rely on bidirectional attention, creating a structural mismatch with pre-trained Autoregressive (AR) models. This incompatibility precludes reusing robust AR priors,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiangyu Ma , Teng Xiao , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang

While impressive performance has been achieved in image captioning, the limited diversity of the generated captions and the large parameter scale remain major barriers to the real-word application of these systems. In this work, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Guisheng Liu , Yi Li , Zhengcong Fei , Haiyan Fu , Xiangyang Luo , Yanqing Guo

Diffusion models excel at capturing the natural design spaces of images, molecules, DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. However, rather than merely generating designs that are natural, we often aim to optimize downstream reward functions while…

Recent advancements adopt online reinforcement learning (RL) from LLMs to text-to-image rectified flow diffusion models for reward alignment. The use of group-level rewards successfully aligns the model with the targeted reward. However, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yiyang Wang , Xi Chen , Xiaogang Xu , Yu Liu , Hengshuang Zhao

Neural networks struggle with image classification when biases are learned and misleads correlations, affecting their generalization and performance. Previous methods require attribute labels (e.g. background, color) or utilizes Generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Donggeun Ko , Dongjun Lee , Namjun Park , Wonkyeong Shim , Jaekwang Kim

Learning from human feedback has been shown to improve text-to-image models. These techniques first learn a reward function that captures what humans care about in the task and then improve the models based on the learned reward function.…

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable results in image generation, and have similarly been used to learn high-performing policies in sequential decision-making tasks. Decision-making diffusion models can be trained on lower-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Felipe Nuti , Tim Franzmeyer , João F. Henriques

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of directly aligning diffusion models with human preferences using differentiable reward. However, they exhibit two primary challenges: (1) they rely on multistep denoising with gradient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Xiangwei Shen , Zhimin Li , Zhantao Yang , Shiyi Zhang , Yingfang Zhang , Donghao Li , Chunyu Wang , Qinglin Lu , Yansong Tang

The recently introduced Consistency models pose an efficient alternative to diffusion algorithms, enabling rapid and good quality image synthesis. These methods overcome the slowness of diffusion models by directly mapping noise to data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Shelly Golan , Roy Ganz , Michael Elad

Video diffusion alignment has been heavily relied on scalar rewards. These rewards are typically derived from learned reward models in human preference datasets, requiring additional training and extensive collection. Moreover, scalar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yifan Wang , Yanyu Li , Gordon Guocheng Qian , Sergey Tulyakov , Yun Fu , Anil Kag

We present two novel generative geometric deep learning frameworks, termed Flow Matching PointNet and Diffusion PointNet, for predicting fluid flow variables on irregular geometries by incorporating PointNet into flow matching and diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ali Kashefi

Image restoration aims to enhance low quality images, producing high quality images that exhibit natural visual characteristics and fine semantic attributes. Recently, the diffusion model has emerged as a powerful technique for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Jiangtong Tan , Feng Zhao