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Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to deep neural networks, as backdoored models would misclassify poisoned samples with specific triggers into target classes while maintaining normal performance on clean samples. Among these,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yangxu Yin , Honglong Chen , Yudong Gao , Peng Sun , Liantao Wu , Zhe Li , Weifeng Liu

During fine-tuning, large language models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to data-poisoning backdoor attacks, which compromise their reliability and trustworthiness. However, existing defense strategies suffer from limited…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shuai Zhao , Xinyi Wu , Shiqian Zhao , Xiaobao Wu , Zhongliang Guo , Yanhao Jia , Anh Tuan Luu

Deep learning models are vulnerable to various adversarial manipulations of their training data, parameters, and input sample. In particular, an adversary can modify the training data and model parameters to embed backdoors into the model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Te Juin Lester Tan , Reza Shokri

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Among the existing backdoor defense methods, trigger reverse engineering based approaches, which reconstruct the backdoor triggers via optimizations, are the most versatile and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Beichen Li , Yuanfang Guo , Heqi Peng , Yangxi Li , Yunhong Wang

Fair classification aims to stress the classification models to achieve the equality (treatment or prediction quality) among different sensitive groups. However, fair classification can be under the risk of poisoning attacks that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Han Xu , Xiaorui Liu , Yuxuan Wan , Jiliang Tang

Despite recent progress in backdoor attacks, existing methods remain susceptible to post-training defenses that erase the backdoor through fine-tuning or pruning. We revisit the core objectives of backdoor attacks and derive principled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Qiyuan Wang , Yao Li , Raymond K. W. Wong

Training neural network classifiers on datasets with label noise poses a risk of overfitting them to the noisy labels. To address this issue, researchers have explored alternative loss functions that aim to be more robust. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-23 William Toner , Amos Storkey

Machine learning models have achieved great success in supervised learning tasks for end-to-end training, which requires a large amount of labeled data that is not always feasible. Recently, many practitioners have shifted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Yiwei Lu , Matthew Y. R. Yang , Gautam Kamath , Yaoliang Yu

In a backdoor attack, an adversary injects corrupted data into a model's training dataset in order to gain control over its predictions on images with a specific attacker-defined trigger. A typical corrupted training example requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Rishi D. Jha , Jonathan Hayase , Sewoong Oh

Traditional classification algorithms assume that training and test data come from similar distributions. This assumption is violated in adversarial settings, where malicious actors modify instances to evade detection. A number of custom…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Bo Li , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Xinyun Chen

We derive a novel information-theoretic analysis of the generalization property of meta-learning algorithms. Concretely, our analysis proposes a generic understanding of both the conventional learning-to-learn framework and the modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Qi Chen , Changjian Shui , Mario Marchand

Backdoor attacks have emerged as one of the major security threats to deep learning models as they can easily control the model's test-time predictions by pre-injecting a backdoor trigger into the model at training time. While backdoor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yujing Jiang , Xingjun Ma , Sarah Monazam Erfani , James Bailey

Data Poisoning (DP) is an effective attack that causes trained classifiers to misclassify their inputs. DP attacks significantly degrade a classifier's accuracy by covertly injecting attack samples into the training set. Broadly applicable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Xi Li , David J. Miller , Zhen Xiang , George Kesidis

With the growing adoption of AI and machine learning systems in real-world applications, ensuring their fairness has become increasingly critical. The majority of the work in algorithmic fairness focus on assessing and improving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Eunice Chan , Hanghang Tong

The rise of foundation models fine-tuned on human feedback from potentially untrusted users has increased the risk of adversarial data poisoning, necessitating the study of robustness of learning algorithms against such attacks. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Avinandan Bose , Laurent Lessard , Maryam Fazel , Krishnamurthy Dj Dvijotham

Backdoor attacks aim to inject a backdoor into a classifier such that it predicts any input with an attacker-chosen backdoor trigger as an attacker-chosen target class. Existing backdoor attacks require either retraining the classifier with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Bochuan Cao , Jinyuan Jia , Chuxuan Hu , Wenbo Guo , Zhen Xiang , Jinghui Chen , Bo Li , Dawn Song

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an actively growing field that is seeing increased usage in real-world, safety-critical applications -- making it paramount to ensure the robustness of RL algorithms against adversarial attacks. In this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ethan Rathbun , Christopher Amato , Alina Oprea

Backdoors and poisoning attacks are a major threat to the security of machine-learning and vision systems. Often, however, these attacks leave visible artifacts in the images that can be visually detected and weaken the efficacy of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Erwin Quiring , Konrad Rieck

Pre-trained general-purpose language models have been a dominating component in enabling real-world natural language processing (NLP) applications. However, a pre-trained model with backdoor can be a severe threat to the applications. Most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Lujia Shen , Shouling Ji , Xuhong Zhang , Jinfeng Li , Jing Chen , Jie Shi , Chengfang Fang , Jianwei Yin , Ting Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly through instruction tuning, which enables broad task generalization without additional fine-tuning. However, their reliance on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 San Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee