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We propose ReDense as a simple and low complexity way to improve the performance of trained neural networks. We use a combination of random weights and rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function to add a ReLU dense (ReDense) layer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Alireza M. Javid , Sandipan Das , Mikael Skoglund , Saikat Chatterjee

Regularizing neural networks is important for anticipating model behavior in regions of the data space that are not well represented. In this work, we propose a regularization technique for enforcing a level of smoothness in the mapping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ali Hasan , Haoming Yang , Yuting Ng , Vahid Tarokh

We investigate the parameter-space geometry of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and develop an adaptation of path-SGD optimization method, attuned to this geometry, that can learn plain RNNs with ReLU activations. On several datasets that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Behnam Neyshabur , Yuhuai Wu , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Nathan Srebro

Neural network training is usually accomplished by solving a non-convex optimization problem using stochastic gradient descent. Although one optimizes over the networks parameters, the main loss function generally only depends on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Julius Berner , Dennis Elbrächter , Philipp Grohs

In the era of Deep Neural Network based solutions for a variety of real-life tasks, having a compact and energy-efficient deployable model has become fairly important. Most of the existing deep architectures use Rectifier Linear Unit (ReLU)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Nancy Nayak , Sheetal Kalyani

In this paper, we study the implicit regularization of the gradient descent algorithm in homogeneous neural networks, including fully-connected and convolutional neural networks with ReLU or LeakyReLU activations. In particular, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li

Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) has been receiving increasingly more attention thanks to its encouraging performance on a variety of control tasks. Yet, conventional regularization techniques in training neural networks (e.g., $L_2$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Zhuang Liu , Xuanlin Li , Bingyi Kang , Trevor Darrell

Feed-forward ReLU neural networks partition their input domain into finitely many "affine regions" of constant neuron activation pattern and affine behaviour. We analyze their mathematical structure and provide algorithmic primitives for an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-09 Peter Hinz , Sara van de Geer

Overfitting is one of the most critical challenges in deep neural networks, and there are various types of regularization methods to improve generalization performance. Injecting noises to hidden units during training, e.g., dropout, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Hyeonwoo Noh , Tackgeun You , Jonghwan Mun , Bohyung Han

Activation functions in neural networks are typically selected from a set of empirically validated, commonly used static functions such as ReLU, tanh, or sigmoid. However, by optimizing the shapes of a network's activation functions, we can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 William H Patty

We focus on the task of approximating the optimal value function in deep reinforcement learning. This iterative process is comprised of solving a sequence of optimization problems where the loss function changes per iteration. The common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Kavosh Asadi , Rasool Fakoor , Shoham Sabach

Recent findings suggest that consecutive layers of neural networks with the ReLU activation function \emph{fold} the input space during the learning process. While many works hint at this phenomenon, an approach to quantify the folding was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Michal Lewandowski , Bernhard Heinzl , Raphael Pisoni , Bernhard A. Moser

We propose \textit{Meta-Regularization}, a novel approach for the adaptive choice of the learning rate in first-order gradient descent methods. Our approach modifies the objective function by adding a regularization term on the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Guangzeng Xie , Hao Jin , Dachao Lin , Zhihua Zhang

Large number of ReLU and MAC operations of Deep neural networks make them ill-suited for latency and compute-efficient private inference. In this paper, we present a model optimization method that allows a model to learn to be shallow. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Souvik Kundu , Yuke Zhang , Dake Chen , Peter A. Beerel

One of the mysteries in the success of neural networks is randomly initialized first order methods like gradient descent can achieve zero training loss even though the objective function is non-convex and non-smooth. This paper demystifies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Simon S. Du , Xiyu Zhai , Barnabas Poczos , Aarti Singh

Deep learning approaches, known for their ability to model complex relationships and fast execution, are increasingly being applied to solve large optimization problems. However, existing methods often face challenges in simultaneously…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Zisheng Zhou , Dengyu Zheng , Zirui Chen , Shixiang Chen

Activation functions play a key role in providing remarkable performance in deep neural networks, and the rectified linear unit (ReLU) is one of the most widely used activation functions. Various new activation functions and improvements on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Yang Liu , Jianpeng Zhang , Chao Gao , Jinghua Qu , Lixin Ji

Training a one-node neural network with ReLU activation function (One-Node-ReLU) is a fundamental optimization problem in deep learning. In this paper, we begin with proving the NP-hardness of training One-Node-ReLU. We then present an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-23 Santanu S. Dey , Guanyi Wang , Yao Xie

Finding the optimal configuration of parameters in ResNet is a nonconvex minimization problem, but first-order methods nevertheless find the global optimum in the overparameterized regime. We study this phenomenon with mean-field analysis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Zhiyan Ding , Shi Chen , Qin Li , Stephen Wright

This paper introduces scalable, sampling-based algorithms that optimize trained neural networks with ReLU activations. We first propose an iterative algorithm that takes advantage of the piecewise linear structure of ReLU neural networks…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-07 Georgia Perakis , Asterios Tsiourvas