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Modeling the 3D world from sensor data for simulation is a scalable way of developing testing and validation environments for robotic learning problems such as autonomous driving. However, manually creating or re-creating real-world-like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Bokui Shen , Xinchen Yan , Charles R. Qi , Mahyar Najibi , Boyang Deng , Leonidas Guibas , Yin Zhou , Dragomir Anguelov

Developing excavation autonomy is challenging given the environments where excavators operate, the complexity of physical interaction and the degrees of freedom of operation of the excavator itself. Simulation is a useful tool to build…

We present a simple one-dimensional Cellular Automaton (CA) which has the property that an initial state composed of two binary numbers evolves quickly into a final state which is their sum. We call this CA the Adding Cellular Automaton…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 Simon C. Benjamin , Neil F. Johnson

Maps are a very important component of strategy games, and a time-consuming task if done by hand. Maps generated by traditional PCG techniques such as Perlin noise or tile-based PCG techniques look unnatural and unappealing, thus not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Vasco Nunes , João Dias , Pedro A. Santos

Automatic generation of level maps is a popular form of automatic content generation. In this study, a recently developed technique employing the {\em do what's possible} representation is used to create open-ended level maps. Generation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Daniel Ashlock , Christoph Salge

Many natural processes occur over characteristic spatial and temporal scales. This paper presents tools for (i) flexibly and scalably coarse-graining cellular automata and (ii) identifying which coarse-grainings express an automaton's…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-09-23 David Balduzzi

We propose pix2pix3D, a 3D-aware conditional generative model for controllable photorealistic image synthesis. Given a 2D label map, such as a segmentation or edge map, our model learns to synthesize a corresponding image from different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Kangle Deng , Gengshan Yang , Deva Ramanan , Jun-Yan Zhu

In this paper, we construct a strongly universal cellular automaton on the line with 11 states and the standard neighbourhood. We embed this construction into several tilings of the hyperbolic plane and of the hyperbolic 3D space giving…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-09-09 Maurice Margenstern

We address the challenge of generating 3D worlds from textual descriptions. We propose SynCity, a training- and optimization-free approach, which leverages the geometric precision of pre-trained 3D generative models and the artistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Paul Engstler , Aleksandar Shtedritski , Iro Laina , Christian Rupprecht , Andrea Vedaldi

Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) models are trainable variations of traditional Cellular Automata (CA). Emergent motion in the patterns created by NCA has been successfully applied to synthesize dynamic textures. However, the conditions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yitao Xu , Ehsan Pajouheshgar , Sabine Süsstrunk

Cellular automata (CAs) are fully-discrete dynamical models that have received much attention due to the fact that their relatively simple setup can nonetheless express highly complex phenomena. Despite the model's theoretical maturity and…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2025-07-10 Michiel Rollier , Kallil M. C. Zielinski , Aisling J. Daly , Odemir M. Bruno , Jan M. Baetens

We prove the existence of a semilinear representation of Cellular Automata (CA) with the introduction of multiple convolution kernels. Examples of the technique are presented for rules akin to the "edge-of-chaos" including the Turing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Theophanes E. Raptis

Invertible cellular automata are useful as models of physical systems with microscopically revesible dyanmics. There are several well-understood ways to construct them: partitioning rules, second-order rules, and alternating-grid rules. We…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2015-09-30 Benjamin Schumacher , Michael D. Westmoreland

Advances in imaging methods such as electron microscopy, tomography and other modalities are enabling high-resolution reconstructions of cellular and organelle geometries. Such advances pave the way for using these geometries for…

In this paper we study the dynamics of 1- and 2- dimensional cellular automata, using a 2-adic representation of the states, we give a simple graphical technique for finding periodic solutions. We also study the continuity properties of the…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2007-07-06 Xu Xu , Yi Song , Stephen P. Banks

Recent developments in generative models and large-scale datasets have substantially advanced 3D world generation, facilitating a broad range of domains including spatial intelligence, embodied intelligence, and autonomous driving. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hanxin Zhu , Cong Wang , Peiyan Tu , Jiayi Luo , Tianyu He , Xin Jin , Zhibo Chen

This paper investigates reversibility properties of 1-dimensional 3-neighborhood d-state finite cellular automata (CAs) of length n under periodic boundary condition. A tool named reachability tree has been developed from de Bruijn graph…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Kamalika Bhattacharjee , Sukanta Das

Generative AI (GenAI) has significantly advanced the ease and flexibility of image creation. However, it remains a challenge to precisely control spatial compositions, including object arrangement and scene conditions. To bridge this gap,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Runlin Duan , Yuzhao Chen , Rahul Jain , Yichen Hu , Jingyu Shi , Karthik Ramani

While legged robots have achieved significant advancements in recent years, ensuring the robustness of their controllers on unstructured terrains remains challenging. It requires generating diverse and challenging unstructured terrains to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Arthur Esquerre-Pourtère , Minsoo Kim , Jaeheung Park

In this paper we use the cellular automaton (CA) approach to model one-dimensional binary diffusion in solids. Employing a very simple state change rule we define an asynchronous CA model and take its continuum limit to obtain the governing…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 Helena Ribera , Brian Wetton , Timothy Myers