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The increasing capabilities of large generative models and their ever more widespread deployment have raised concerns about their reliability, safety, and potential misuse. To address these issues, recent works have proposed to control…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Pau Rodriguez , Arno Blaas , Michal Klein , Luca Zappella , Nicholas Apostoloff , Marco Cuturi , Xavier Suau

The research explores the steerability of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly OpenAI's ChatGPT iterations. By employing a behavioral psychology framework called OCEAN (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-16 David Noever , Sam Hyams

Exploratoration and self-observation are key mechanisms of infant sensorimotor development. These processes are further guided by parental scaffolding accelerating skill and knowledge acquisition. In developmental robotics, this approach…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Batuhan Celik , Alper Ahmetoglu , Emre Ugur , Erhan Oztop

The field of large language models (LLMs) has grown rapidly in recent years, driven by the desire for better efficiency, interpretability, and safe use. Building on the novel approach of "activation engineering," this study explores…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Rumi Allbert , James K. Wiles , Vlad Grankovsky

Language Model (LM) agents are increasingly used in complex open-ended decision-making tasks, from AI coding to physical AI. A core requirement in these settings is the ability to both explore the problem space and exploit acquired…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jaden Park , Jungtaek Kim , Jongwon Jeong , Robert D. Nowak , Kangwook Lee , Yong Jae Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful reasoners in natural language, but their actions are typically confined to outputting vocabulary tokens. As a result, interactions with external environments -- such as symbolic operators or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Zhongqi Yue , Weishi Wang , Yundaichuan Zhan , Juncheng Li , Daniel Dahlmeier , Fredrik D. Johansson

Latent space steering methods provide a practical approach to controlling large language models by applying steering vectors to intermediate activations, guiding outputs toward desired behaviors while avoiding retraining. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Shawn Im , Sharon Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate or automate human behavior in complex sequential decision-making settings. A natural question is then whether LLMs exhibit similar decision-making behavior to humans, and can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Ziyuan Zhang , Darcy Wang , Ningyuan Chen , Rodrigo Mansur , Vahid Sarhangian

Balancing exploration and exploitation is a central goal in reinforcement learning (RL). Despite recent advances in enhancing large language model (LLM) reasoning, most methods lean toward exploitation, and increasingly encounter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Daixuan Cheng , Shaohan Huang , Xuekai Zhu , Bo Dai , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhenliang Zhang , Furu Wei

Large language models have transformed AI, yet reliably controlling their outputs remains a challenge. This paper explores activation engineering, where outputs of pre-trained LLMs are controlled by manipulating their activations at…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Joris Postmus , Steven Abreu

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) enable novel use cases in domains where responsible action is increasingly important. Yet the inherent unpredictability of LLMs raises safety concerns about agent reliability. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jan Chojnacki

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used by software engineers for programming tasks. However, research shows that LLMs often lack a deep understanding of program semantics. Even minor changes to syntax, such as renaming variables, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Francesca Lucchetti , Arjun Guha

Real-world sequential decision making is characterized by sparse rewards and large decision spaces, posing significant difficulty for experiential learning systems like $\textit{tabula rasa}$ reinforcement learning (RL) agents. Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Hitesh Golchha , Sahil Yerawar , Dhruvesh Patel , Soham Dan , Keerthiram Murugesan

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit homogenized cultural perspectives. While the World Values Survey (WVS) provides a gold standard for mapping human values, traditional direct prompting of LLMs on WVS often fails to access the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Trung Duc Anh Dang , Sarah Masud

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous decision-makers in strategic settings, yet we have limited tools for understanding their high-level behavioral traits. We use activation steering methods in game-theoretic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Johnathan Sun , Andrew Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in agentic frameworks, in which prompts trigger complex tool-based analysis in pursuit of a goal. While these frameworks have shown promise across multiple domains including in finance,…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-14 Dimitrios Emmanoulopoulos , Ollie Olby , Justin Lyon , Namid R. Stillman

Recent advances in automated theorem proving use Large Language Models (LLMs) to translate informal mathematical statements into formal proofs. However, informal cues are often ambiguous or lack strict logical structure, making it hard for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shashank Kirtania , Arun Iyer

This paper advances motion agents empowered by large language models (LLMs) toward autonomous navigation in dynamic and cluttered environments, significantly surpassing first and recent seminal but limited studies on LLM's spatial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yubo Zhao , Qi Wu , Yifan Wang , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

This paper introduces a novel approach using Large Language Models (LLMs) integrated into an agent framework for flexible and effective personal mobility generation. LLMs overcome the limitations of previous models by effectively processing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jiawei Wang , Renhe Jiang , Chuang Yang , Zengqing Wu , Makoto Onizuka , Ryosuke Shibasaki , Noboru Koshizuka , Chuan Xiao

This paper investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) represent non-English tokens -- a question that remains underexplored despite recent progress. We propose a lightweight intervention method using representation steering, where a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Omar Mahmoud , Buddhika Laknath Semage , Thommen George Karimpanal , Santu Rana