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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction remains a tremendous challenge due to its multifactorial etiology and global burden of morbidity and mortality. Despite the growing availability of genomic and electrophysiological data, extracting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Niranjana Arun Menon , Iqra Farooq , Yulong Li , Sara Ahmed , Yutong Xie , Muhammad Awais , Imran Razzak

Biomedical sciences are increasingly recognising the relevance of gene co-expression-networks for analysing complex-systems, phenotypes or diseases. When the goal is investigating complex-phenotypes under varying conditions, it comes…

Understanding disease progression is a central clinical challenge with direct implications for early diagnosis and personalized treatment. While recent generative approaches have attempted to model progression, key mismatches remain:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hao Chen , Rui Yin , Yifan Chen , Qi Chen , Chao Li

The genetic etiologies of common diseases are highly complex and heterogeneous. Classic statistical methods, such as linear regression, have successfully identified numerous genetic variants associated with complex diseases. Nonetheless,…

Applications · Statistics 2020-10-28 Jinghang Lin , Xiaoran Tong , Chenxi Li , Qing Lu

Emerging diseases present challenges in symptom recognition and timely clinical intervention due to limited available information. An effective prognostic model could assist physicians in making accurate diagnoses and designing personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zhongji Zhang , Yuhang Wang , Yinghao Zhu , Xinyu Ma , Yasha Wang , Junyi Gao , Liantao Ma , Wen Tang , Xiaoyun Zhang , Ling Wang

Understanding disease progression at the molecular pathway level usually requires capturing both structural dependencies between pathways and the temporal dynamics of disease evolution. In this work, we solve the former challenge by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Dai Shi , Kuan Yan , Lequan Lin , Yue Zeng , Ting Zhang , Dmytro Matsypura , Mark C. Gillies , Ling Zhu , Junbin Gao

Deep learning-based cardiac segmentation has seen significant advancements over the years. Many studies have tackled the challenge of anatomically incorrect segmentation predictions by introducing auxiliary modules. These modules either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Zahid Ullah , Jihie Kim

The intricate relationship between genetic variation and human diseases has been a focal point of medical research, evidenced by the identification of risk genes regarding specific diseases. The advent of advanced genome sequencing…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-19 Jiayu Chang , Shiyu Wang , Chen Ling , Zhaohui Qin , Liang Zhao

DNA methylation (DNAme) is a critical component of the epigenetic regulatory machinery and aberrations in DNAme patterns occur in many diseases, such as cancer. Mapping and understanding DNAme profiles offers considerable promise for…

Identifying the mutations that drive cancer growth is key in clinical decision making and precision oncology. As driver mutations confer selective advantage and thus have an increased likelihood of occurrence, frequency-based statistical…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-04 Adnan Akbar , Andrey Solovyev , John W Cassidy , Nirmesh Patel , Harry W Clifford

Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in clinical workflows, but domain shift often leads to performance degradation when models are applied to unseen clinical domains. This challenge arises due to variations in imaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yingkai Wang , Yaoyao Zhu , Xiuding Cai , Yuhao Xiao , Haotian Wu , Yu Yao

Characterization of a patient clinical phenotype is central to biomedical informatics. ICD codes, assigned to inpatient encounters by coders, is important for population health and cohort discovery when clinical information is limited.…

Percentage Brain Volume Change (PBVC) derived from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used biomarker of brain atrophy, with SIENA among the most established methods for its estimation. However, SIENA relies on classical image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Riccardo Raciti , Lemuel Puglisi , Francesco Guarnera , Daniele Ravì , Sebastiano Battiato

Variant effect predictors (VEPs) aim to assess the functional impact of protein variants, traditionally relying on multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). This approach assumes that naturally occurring variants are fit, an assumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Antoine Honoré , Borja Rodríguez Gálvez , Yoomi Park , Yitian Zhou , Volker M. Lauschke , Ming Xiao

Pathogen identification is pivotal in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases, crucial for controlling infections and safeguarding public health. Traditional alignment-based methods, though widely used, are computationally intense and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Sajib Acharjee Dip , Uddip Acharjee Shuvo , Tran Chau , Haoqiu Song , Petra Choi , Xuan Wang , Liqing Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) trained on text demonstrated remarkable results on natural language processing (NLP) tasks. These models have been adapted to decipher the language of DNA, where sequences of nucleotides act as "words" that…

Foundation models have advanced computer vision by enabling strong performance across diverse tasks through large-scale pretraining and supervised fine-tuning. However, they may underperform in domains with distribution shifts and scarce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jesimon Barreto , Carlos Caetano , André Araujo , William Robson Schwartz

Tabular data are central to biomedical research, from liquid biopsy and bulk and single-cell transcriptomics to electronic health records and phenotypic profiling. Unlike images or sequences, however, tabular datasets lack intrinsic spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Sakib Mostafa , Tarik Massoud , Maximilian Diehn , Lei Xing , Md Tauhidul Islam

Segmentation is a crucial analysis task in biomedical imaging. Given the diverse experimental settings in this field, the lack of generalization limits the use of deep learning in practice. Domain adaptation is a promising remedy: it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Anwai Archit , Constantin Pape

Objective: We investigate whether deep learning techniques for natural language processing (NLP) can be used efficiently for patient phenotyping. Patient phenotyping is a classification task for determining whether a patient has a medical…