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Runtime verification is checking whether a system execution satisfies or violates a given correctness property. A procedure that automatically, and typically on the fly, verifies conformance of the system's behavior to the specified…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-03-06 Mikhail Chupilko , Alexander Kamkin

In recent years, artificial neural networks have been increasingly studied as feedback controllers for guidance problems. While effective in complex scenarios, they lack the verification guarantees found in classical guidance policies.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-13 Adam Evans , Roberto Armellin

Neural networks (NNs) are increasingly applied in safety-critical systems such as autonomous vehicles. However, they are fragile and are often ill-behaved. Consequently, their behaviors should undergo rigorous guarantees before deployment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Zhen Liang , Dejin Ren , Wanwei Liu , Ji Wang , Wenjing Yang , Bai Xue

Neural networks achieve strong empirical performance, but robustness concerns still hinder deployment in safety-critical applications. Formal verification provides robustness guarantees, but current methods face a scalability-completeness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Wenting Li , Saif R. Kazi , Russell Bent , Duo Zhou , Huan Zhang

Verification and safety assessment of neural network controlled systems (NNCSs) is an emerging challenge. To provide guarantees, verification tools must efficiently capture the interplay between the neural network and the physical system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-27 Carlos Trapiello , Christophe Combastel , Ali Zolghadri

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an optimal control algorithm with strong stability and robustness guarantees. Despite its popularity in robotics and industrial applications, the main challenge in deploying MPC is its high computation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Camilo Gonzalez , Houshyar Asadi , Lars Kooijman , Chee Peng Lim

A wide range of verification methods have been proposed to verify the safety properties of deep neural networks ensuring that the networks function correctly in critical applications. However, many well-known verification tools still…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Yuyi Zhong , Ruiwei Wang , Siau-Cheng Khoo

Many natural and man-made network systems need to maintain certain patterns, such as working at equilibria or limit cycles, to function properly. Thus, the ability to stabilize such patterns is crucial. Most of the existing studies on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Alberto Maria Nobili , Yuzhen Qin , Carlo Alberto Avizzano , Danielle S. Bassett , Fabio Pasqualetti

Learning-based methods provide a promising approach to solving highly non-linear control tasks that are often challenging for classical control methods. To ensure the satisfaction of a safety property, learning-based methods jointly learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Emily Yu , Đorđe Žikelić , Thomas A. Henzinger

In sequential decision making, neural networks (NNs) are nowadays commonly used to represent and learn the agent's policy. This area of application has implied new software quality assessment challenges that traditional validation and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Q. Mazouni , H. Spieker , A. Gotlieb , M. Acher

Formal verification has emerged as a powerful approach to ensure the safety and reliability of deep neural networks. However, current verification tools are limited to only a handful of properties that can be expressed as first-order…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Xuan Xie , Kristian Kersting , Daniel Neider

Automatic software verification is a valuable means for software quality assurance. However, automatic verification and in particular software model checking can be time-consuming, which hinders their practical applicability e.g., the use…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Max Barth , Marie-Christine Jakobs

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) have been widely utilized in the design of optimization-based controllers and filters for dynamical systems to ensure forward invariance of a given set of safe states. While CBF-based controllers offer…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-14 Damola Ajeyemi , Saber Jafarpour , Emiliano Dall'Anese

Formal verification provides critical security assurances for neural networks, yet its practical application suffers from the long verification time. This work introduces a novel method for training verification-friendly neural networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zongxin Liu , Zhe Zhao , Fu Song , Jun Sun , Pengfei Yang , Xiaowei Huang , Lijun Zhang

Deep neural networks are widely used for nonlinear function approximation with applications ranging from computer vision to control. Although these networks involve the composition of simple arithmetic operations, it can be very challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Changliu Liu , Tomer Arnon , Christopher Lazarus , Christopher Strong , Clark Barrett , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Neural network verification tools currently support only a narrow class of specifications, typically expressed as low-level constraints over raw inputs and outputs. This limitation significantly hinders their adoption and practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yizhak Y. Elboher , Reuven Peleg , Zhouxing Shi , Guy Katz , Jan Křetínský

As AI systems are becoming more and more popular and used in various critical domains (health, transport, energy, ...), the need to provide guarantees and trust of their safety is undeniable. To this end, we present PyRAT, a tool based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Augustin Lemesle , Julien Lehmann , Tristan Le Gall

Formal verification of neural networks is essential for their deployment in safety-critical areas. Many available formal verification methods have been shown to be instances of a unified Branch and Bound (BaB) formulation. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Jingyue Lu , M. Pawan Kumar

Context: Neural Network (NN) algorithms have been successfully adopted in a number of Safety-Critical Cyber-Physical Systems (SCCPSs). Testing and Verification (T&V) of NN-based control software in safety-critical domains are gaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Jin Zhang , Jingyue Li

Autonomous robotic systems require advanced control frameworks to achieve complex temporal objectives that extend beyond conventional stability and trajectory tracking. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) provides a formal framework for specifying…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Kazunobu Serizawa , Kazumune Hashimoto , Wataru Hashimoto , Masako Kishida , Shigemasa Takai