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This work presents a quantum mechanical framework for analyzing quantization-based optimization algorithms. The sampling process of the quantization-based search is modeled as a gradient-flow dissipative system, leading to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Jinwuk Seok , Changsik Cho

Modeling real-world distributions can often be challenging due to sample data that are subjected to perturbations, e.g., instrumentation errors, or added random noise. Since flow models are typically nonlinear algorithms, they amplify these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Sameera Ramasinghe , Kasun Fernando , Salman Khan , Nick Barnes

Scalable sampling of molecular states in thermodynamic equilibrium is a long-standing challenge in statistical physics. Boltzmann generators tackle this problem by pairing normalizing flows with importance sampling to obtain uncorrelated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Charlie B. Tan , Avishek Joey Bose , Chen Lin , Leon Klein , Michael M. Bronstein , Alexander Tong

Normalizing flows are a class of machine learning models used to construct a complex distribution through a bijective mapping of a simple base distribution. We demonstrate that normalizing flows are particularly well suited as a Monte Carlo…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-08-11 Jack Brady , Pengsheng Wen , Jeremy W. Holt

Quantum mechanics for many-body systems may be reduced to the evaluation of integrals in 3N dimensions using Monte-Carlo, providing the Quantum Monte Carlo ab initio methods. Here we limit ourselves to expectation values for trial…

Computational Physics · Physics 2010-11-22 John Robert Trail , Ryo Maezono

We present the first proof of principle that normalizing flows can accurately learn the Boltzmann distribution of the fermionic Hubbard model - a key framework for describing the electronic structure of graphene and related materials.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-06-23 Dominic Schuh , Janik Kreit , Evan Berkowitz , Lena Funcke , Thomas Luu , Kim A. Nicoli , Marcel Rodekamp

Employing a classical density-functional description of liquid environments, we introduce a rigorous method for the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculation of free energies and thermodynamic averages of solvated systems that requires…

Sampling from unnormalized densities presents a fundamental challenge with wide-ranging applications, from posterior inference to molecular dynamics simulations. Continuous flow-based neural samplers offer a promising approach, learning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Wuhao Chen , Zijing Ou , Yingzhen Li

In this paper, we introduce a new scheme for the efficient numerical treatment of the electronic Schr\"odinger equation for molecules. It is based on the combination of a many-body expansion, which corresponds to the so-called bond order…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-07-20 Sambasiva Rao Chinnamsetty , Michael Griebel , Jan Hamaekers

This paper introduces a Bayesian framework that combines Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, dimensionality reduction, and neural density estimation to efficiently handle inverse problems that (i) must be solved multiple times, and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Giacomo Bottacini , Matteo Torzoni , Andrea Manzoni

Many problems in the physical sciences, machine learning, and statistical inference necessitate sampling from a high-dimensional, multi-modal probability distribution. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, the ubiquitous tool for this…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-05-12 Marylou Gabrié , Grant M. Rotskoff , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods represent a powerful family of computational techniques for tackling complex quantum many-body problems and performing calculations of stationary state properties. QMC is among the most accurate and…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-01-08 Alfonso Annarelli , Dario Alfè , Andrea Zen

Normalizing flows can transform a simple prior probability distribution into a more complex target distribution. Here, we evaluate the ability and efficiency of generative machine learning methods to sample the Boltzmann distribution of an…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-09-16 Gerhard Jung , Giulio Biroli , Ludovic Berthier

The Schr\"odinger equation in the presence of an external electromagnetic field is an important problem in computational quantum mechanics. It also provides a nice example of a differential equation whose flow can be split with benefit into…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-04-28 Marco Caliari , Alexander Ostermann , Chiara Piazzola

From Physics and Biology to Seismology and Economics, the behaviour of countless systems is determined by impactful yet unlikely transitions between metastable states known as \emph{rare events}, the study of which is essential for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Solomon Asghar , Qing-Xiang Pei , Giorgio Volpe , Ran Ni

The quantum Monte Carlo methods represent a powerful and broadly applicable computational tool for finding very accurate solutions of the stationary Schroedinger equation for atoms, molecules, solids and a variety of model systems. The…

Computational Physics · Physics 2011-01-28 Jindrich Kolorenc , Lubos Mitas

General-purpose Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms suffer from a dramatic reduction in efficiency as the system being studied is driven towards a critical point. Recently, a series of seminal studies suggested that normalizing…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2021-11-24 Luigi Del Debbio , Joe Marsh Rossney , Michael Wilson

Effective String Theory (EST) is a powerful tool used to study confinement in pure gauge theories by modeling the confining flux tube connecting a static quark-anti-quark pair as a thin vibrating string. Recently, flow-based samplers have…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-01-09 Michele Caselle , Elia Cellini , Alessandro Nada

The quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) is one of the most promising many-body electronic structure approaches. It employs stochastic techniques for solving the stationary Schr\" odinger equation and for evaluation of expectation values. The key…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-12-20 Michal Bajdich

Convergence conditions for quantum annealing are derived for optimization problems represented by the Ising model of a general form. Quantum fluctuations are introduced as a transverse field and/or transverse ferromagnetic interactions, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-25 Satoshi Morita , Hidetoshi Nishimori