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Language models encode and subsequently perpetuate harmful gendered stereotypes. Research has succeeded in mitigating some of these harms, e.g. by dissociating non-gendered terms such as occupations from gendered terms such as 'woman' and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Franziska Sofia Hafner , Ana Valdivia , Luc Rocher

Recent research on large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated their ability to understand and employ deceptive behavior, even without explicit prompting. However, such behavior has only been observed in rare, specialized cases and has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Laurène Vaugrante , Francesca Carlon , Maluna Menke , Thilo Hagendorff

Online toxic content has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. A significant amount of research has been focused on detecting or analyzing toxic content using machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Current datasets for unwanted social bias auditing are limited to studying protected demographic features such as race and gender. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive benchmark that is meant to capture the amplification of social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Manish Nagireddy , Lamogha Chiazor , Moninder Singh , Ioana Baldini

The abstract outlines the problem of toxic comments on social media platforms, where individuals use disrespectful, abusive, and unreasonable language that can drive users away from discussions. This behavior is referred to as anti-social…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 K. Poojitha , A. Sai Charish , M. Arun Kuamr Reddy , S. Ayyasamy

The proliferation of social media platforms has led to an increase in the spread of hate speech, particularly targeting vulnerable communities. Unfortunately, existing methods for automatically identifying and blocking toxic language rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shiza Ali , Jeremy Blackburn , Gianluca Stringhini

Data annotation, the practice of assigning descriptive labels to raw data, is pivotal in optimizing the performance of machine learning models. However, it is a resource-intensive process susceptible to biases introduced by annotators. The…

As large language models (LLMs) have been used in many downstream tasks, the internal stereotypical representation may affect the fairness of the outputs. In this work, we introduce human knowledge into natural language interventions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Damin Zhang

As teachers increasingly turn to GenAI in their educational practice, we need robust methods to benchmark large language models (LLMs) for pedagogical purposes. This article presents an embedding-based benchmarking framework to detect bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yishan Du , Conrad Borchers , Mutlu Cukurova

The struggle of social media platforms to moderate content in a timely manner, encourages users to abuse such platforms to spread vulgar or abusive language, which, when performed repeatedly becomes cyberbullying a social problem taking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Tanjim Mahmud , Michal Ptaszynski , Juuso Eronen , Fumito Masui

Lack of moderation in online communities enables participants to incur in personal aggression, harassment or cyberbullying, issues that have been accentuated by extremist radicalisation in the contemporary post-truth politics scenario. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Nestor Rodriguez , Sergio Rojas-Galeano

Automatic counterspeech generation methods have been developed to assist efforts in combating hate speech. Existing research focuses on generating counterspeech with linguistic attributes such as being polite, informative, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Lingzi Hong , Pengcheng Luo , Eduardo Blanco , Xiaoying Song

Online harassment is a widespread social and public health concern, yet most computational approaches for detecting and addressing harassment focus on publicly visible social media content rather than private messaging environments. Private…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Pinxian Lu , Nimra Ishfaq , Emma Win , Morgan Rose , Sierra R Strickland , Candice L Biernesser , Jamie Zelazny , Munmun De Choudhury

Toxicity annotators and content moderators often default to mental shortcuts when making decisions. This can lead to subtle toxicity being missed, and seemingly toxic but harmless content being over-detected. We introduce BiasX, a framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Yiming Zhang , Sravani Nanduri , Liwei Jiang , Tongshuang Wu , Maarten Sap

Growing evidence shows that proactive content moderation supported by AI can help improve online discourse. However, we know little about designing these systems, how design impacts efficacy and user experience, and how people perceive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Mark Warner , Angelika Strohmayer , Matthew Higgs , Husnain Rafiq , Liying Yang , Lynne Coventry

With the rise of online hate speech, automatic detection of Hate Speech, Offensive texts as a natural language processing task is getting popular. However, very little research has been done to detect unintended social bias from these toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Nihar Sahoo , Himanshu Gupta , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Speech Large Language Models (SpeechLLMs) process spoken input directly, retaining cues such as accent and perceived gender that were previously removed in cascaded pipelines. This introduces speaker identity dependent variation in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Shree Harsha Bokkahalli Satish , Christoph Minixhofer , Maria Teleki , James Caverlee , Ondřej Klejch , Peter Bell , Gustav Eje Henter , Éva Székely

Automatic content moderation is crucial to ensuring safety in social media. Language Model-based classifiers are being increasingly adopted for this task, but it has been shown that they perpetuate racial and social biases. Even if several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Alessandra Urbinati , Mirko Lai , Simona Frenda , Marco Antonio Stranisci

Hate speech is one of the main threats posed by the widespread use of social networks, despite efforts to limit it. Although attention has been devoted to this issue, the lack of datasets and case studies centered around scarcely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Camilla Casula , Sara Tonelli

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) possessing increasingly impressive capabilities, a number of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have been proposed to augment LLMs with visual inputs. Such models condition generated text on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Phillip Howard , Anahita Bhiwandiwalla , Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko