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Hate speech is a harmful form of online expression, often manifesting as derogatory posts. It is a significant risk in digital environments. With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is concern about their potential to replicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Paloma Piot , Javier Parapar

With the advance of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained prominence and been applied in diverse contexts. As they evolve into more sophisticated versions, it is essential to assess whether they reproduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Gustavo Bonil , Simone Hashiguti , Jhessica Silva , João Gondim , Helena Maia , Nádia Silva , Helio Pedrini , Sandra Avila

Background: Sexist and misogynistic behavior significantly hinders inclusion in technical communities like GitHub, causing developers, especially minorities, to leave due to subtle biases and microaggressions. Current moderation tools…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Tanni Dev , Sayma Sultana , Amiangshu Bosu

Content moderation is the process of screening and monitoring user-generated content online. It plays a crucial role in stopping content resulting from unacceptable behaviors such as hate speech, harassment, violence against specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Álvaro Huertas-García , Alejandro Martín , Javier Huertas Tato , David Camacho

Since personal computers became widely available in the consumer market, the amount of harmful content on the internet has significantly expanded. In simple terms, harmful content is anything online which causes a person distress or harm.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Pranjal Aggarwal , Pasupuleti Chandana , Jagrut Nemade , Shubham Sharma , Sunil Saumya , Shankar Biradar

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) possessing increasingly impressive capabilities, a number of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have been proposed to augment LLMs with visual inputs. Such models condition generated text on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Phillip Howard , Kathleen C. Fraser , Anahita Bhiwandiwalla , Svetlana Kiritchenko

Online hate speech poses a serious threat to individual well-being and societal cohesion. A promising solution to curb online hate speech is counterspeech. Counterspeech is aimed at encouraging users to reconsider hateful posts by direct…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Dominik Bär , Abdurahman Maarouf , Stefan Feuerriegel

With the proliferation of social media, there has been a sharp increase in offensive content, particularly targeting vulnerable groups, exacerbating social problems such as hatred, racism, and sexism. Detecting offensive language use is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Toygar Tanyel , Besher Alkurdi , Serkan Ayvaz

Sensitive information detection is crucial in content moderation to maintain safe online communities. Assisting in this traditionally manual process could relieve human moderators from overwhelming and tedious tasks, allowing them to focus…

Social media platforms enable instant and ubiquitous connectivity and are essential to social interaction and communication in our technological society. Apart from its advantages, these platforms have given rise to negative behaviors in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Silvia García-Méndez , Francisco De Arriba-Pérez

Digital dehumanization, although a critical issue, remains largely overlooked within the field of computational linguistics and Natural Language Processing. The prevailing approach in current research concentrating primarily on a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Dennis Assenmacher , Paloma Piot , Katarina Laken , David Jurgens , Claudia Wagner

The context-dependent nature of online aggression makes annotating large collections of data extremely difficult. Previously studied datasets in abusive language detection have been insufficient in size to efficiently train deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Younghun Lee , Seunghyun Yoon , Kyomin Jung

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the influence of sociocultural factors (i.e., social, cultural, and political) in the development of hate speech detection systems. We set out to investigate the suitability of using open-source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Sidney G. -J. Wong

The exponential increase in the use of the Internet and social media over the last two decades has changed human interaction. This has led to many positive outcomes, but at the same time it has brought risks and harms. While the volume of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Neeraj Vashistha , Arkaitz Zubiaga , Shanky Sharma

As online platforms grow, comment sections increasingly host harassment that undermines user experience and well-being. This study benchmarks three leading large language models, OpenAI GPT-4.1, Google Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Anthropic Claude 3…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Amel Muminovic

Large language models (LLMs) have become integral to various real-world applications, leveraging massive, web-sourced datasets like Common Crawl, C4, and FineWeb for pretraining. While these datasets provide linguistic data essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Sai Krishna Mendu , Harish Yenala , Aditi Gulati , Shanu Kumar , Parag Agrawal

Hate speech detection is a crucial area of research in natural language processing, essential for ensuring online community safety. However, detecting implicit hate speech, where harmful intent is conveyed in subtle or indirect ways,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yumin Kim , Hwanhee Lee

Online social media platforms increasingly rely on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to detect abusive content at scale in order to mitigate the harms it causes to their users. However, these techniques suffer from various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Sayan Ghosh , Dylan Baker , David Jurgens , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran

Having a quality annotated corpus is essential especially for applied research. Despite the recent focus of Web science community on researching about cyberbullying, the community dose not still have standard benchmarks. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Mohammadreza Rezvan , Saeedeh Shekarpour , Lakshika Balasuriya , Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan , Valerie Shalin , Amit Sheth

Knowledge of slang is a desirable feature of LLMs in the context of user interaction, as slang often reflects an individual's social identity. Several works on informal language processing have defined and curated benchmarks for tasks such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Leonor Veloso , Lea Hirlimann , Philipp Wicke , Hinrich Schütze