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State-space models (SSMs) have recently demonstrated competitive performance to transformers at large-scale language modeling benchmarks while achieving linear time and memory complexity as a function of sequence length. Mamba, a recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Quentin Anthony , Yury Tokpanov , Paolo Glorioso , Beren Millidge

Current automatic speech recognition systems struggle with modeling long speech sequences due to high quadratic complexity of Transformer-based models. Selective state space models such as Mamba has performed well on long-sequence modeling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Xiaoxue Gao , Nancy F. Chen

Recently, recurrent models based on linear state space models (SSMs) have shown promising performance in language modeling (LM), competititve with transformers. However, there is little understanding of the in-principle abilities of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Yash Sarrof , Yana Veitsman , Michael Hahn

Transformers have become dominant in large-scale deep learning tasks across various domains, including text, 2D and 3D vision. However, the quadratic complexity of their attention mechanism limits their efficiency as the sequence length…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Nursena Köprücü , Destiny Okpekpe , Antonio Orvieto

The recent empirical success of Mamba and other selective state space models (SSMs) has renewed interest in non-attention architectures for sequence modeling, yet their theoretical foundations remain underexplored. We present a first-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Mugunthan Shandirasegaran , Hongkang Li , Songyang Zhang , Meng Wang , Shuai Zhang

The typical Selective State-Space Model (SSM) used in Mamba addresses several limitations of Transformers, such as the quadratic computational complexity with respect to sequence length and the significant memory requirements during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shengkun Tang , Liqun Ma , Haonan Li , Mingjie Sun , Zhiqiang Shen

State-space models (SSMs) have recently emerged as a compelling alternative to Transformers for sequence modeling tasks. This paper presents a theoretical generalization analysis of selective SSMs, the core architectural component behind…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Arya Honarpisheh , Mustafa Bozdag , Octavia Camps , Mario Sznaier

State-Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as an efficient alternative to transformers, yet existing visual SSMs retain deeply ingrained biases from their origins in natural language processing. In this paper, we address these limitations by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Enis Baty , Alejandro Hernández Díaz , Rebecca Davidson , Chris Bridges , Simon Hadfield

Linear State Space Models (SSMs) offer remarkable performance gains in efficient sequence modeling, with constant inference-time computation and memory complexity. Recent advances, such as Mamba, further enhance SSMs with input-dependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zheng Zhan , Liliang Ren , Shuohang Wang , Liyuan Liu , Yang Liu , Yeyun Gong , Yanzhi Wang , Yelong Shen

The hypothesis of Universality in interpretability suggests that different neural networks may converge to implement similar algorithms on similar tasks. In this work, we investigate two mainstream architectures for language modeling,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Junxuan Wang , Xuyang Ge , Wentao Shu , Qiong Tang , Yunhua Zhou , Zhengfu He , Xipeng Qiu

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are widely used to model complex physical systems, but solving them efficiently remains a significant challenge. Recently, Transformers have emerged as the preferred architecture for PDEs due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Chun-Wun Cheng , Jiahao Huang , Yi Zhang , Guang Yang , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Angelica I. Aviles-Rivero

Time series forecasting has made significant advances, including with Transformer-based models. The attention mechanism in Transformer effectively captures temporal dependencies by attending to all past inputs simultaneously. However, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xiongxiao Xu , Canyu Chen , Yueqing Liang , Baixiang Huang , Guangji Bai , Liang Zhao , Kai Shu

The goal of style transfer is, given a content image and a style source, generating a new image preserving the content but with the artistic representation of the style source. Most of the state-of-the-art architectures use transformers or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Filippo Botti , Alex Ergasti , Leonardo Rossi , Tomaso Fontanini , Claudio Ferrari , Massimo Bertozzi , Andrea Prati

Mamba-based State Space Models (SSM) have emerged as a promising alternative to the ubiquitous transformers. Despite the expressive power of transformers, the quadratic complexity of computing attention is a major impediment to scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Trinayan Baruah , Kaustubh Shivdikar , Sara Prescott , David Kaeli

We propose ss-Mamba, a novel foundation model that enhances time series forecasting by integrating semantic-aware embeddings and adaptive spline-based temporal encoding within a selective state-space modeling framework. Building upon the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Zuochen Ye

Recent advances in deep learning have mainly relied on Transformers due to their data dependency and ability to learn at scale. The attention module in these architectures, however, exhibits quadratic time and space in input size, limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Ali Behrouz , Michele Santacatterina , Ramin Zabih

The advent of Transformer and Mamba-based architectures has significantly advanced 3D medical image segmentation by enabling global contextual modeling, a capability traditionally limited in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Duy D. Nguyen , Phat T. Tran-Truong

Transformers have become increasingly popular for image super-resolution (SR) tasks due to their strong global context modeling capabilities. However, their quadratic computational complexity necessitates the use of window-based attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Aman Urumbekov , Zheng Chen

Transformers have demonstrated impressive results for 3D point cloud semantic segmentation. However, the quadratic complexity of transformer makes computation costs high, limiting the number of points that can be processed simultaneously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zhuoyuan Li , Yubo Ai , Jiahao Lu , ChuXin Wang , Jiacheng Deng , Hanzhi Chang , Yanzhe Liang , Wenfei Yang , Shifeng Zhang , Tianzhu Zhang

Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising approach to accelerating large language model (LLM) generation using a fast drafter while maintaining alignment with the target model's distribution. However, existing approaches face a…