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Large language models have drawn significant attention to the challenge of safe alignment, especially regarding jailbreak attacks that circumvent security measures to produce harmful content. To address the limitations of existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Hanqing Liu , Lifeng Zhou , Huanqian Yan

Aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention for their safety, particularly in the context of jailbreak attacks that attempt to bypass guardrails via adversarial prompts. Among existing approaches, the Greedy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xiao Li , Wei Zhang , Zhuhong Li , Qiongxiu Li , Shei PernChua , BingZe Lee , Jinghao Cui , Yifan Huang , Xiaolin Hu

This paper studies the vulnerabilities of transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) to jailbreaking attacks, focusing specifically on the optimization-based Greedy Coordinate Gradient (GCG) strategy. We first observe a positive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Zijun Wang , Haoqin Tu , Jieru Mei , Bingchen Zhao , Yisen Wang , Cihang Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, notably the well-known jailbreak attack. In particular, the Greedy Coordinate Gradient (GCG) attack has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yihao Zhang , Zeming Wei

Despite the advancements in training Large Language Models (LLMs) with alignment techniques to enhance the safety of generated content, these models remain susceptible to jailbreak, an adversarial attack method that exposes security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jiahui Li , Yongchang Hao , Haoyu Xu , Xing Wang , Yu Hong

Extensive efforts have been made before the public release of Large language models (LLMs) to align their behaviors with human values. However, even meticulously aligned LLMs remain vulnerable to malicious manipulations such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zeguan Xiao , Yan Yang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

Safety alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) often creates a systematic discrepancy between a model's aligned output and the underlying pre-aligned data distribution. We propose a framework in which the effect of safety alignment on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuxuan Lu , Yongkang Guo , Yuqing Kong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, but their vulnerability to jailbreak attacks poses significant security risks. This survey paper presents a comprehensive analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tarun Raheja , Nilay Pochhi , F. D. C. M. Curie

Jailbreak attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated various successful methods whereby attackers manipulate models into generating harmful responses that they are designed to avoid. Among these, Greedy Coordinate Gradient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Junjie Mu , Zonghao Ying , Zhekui Fan , Zonglei Jing , Yaoyuan Zhang , Zhengmin Yu , Wenxin Zhang , Quanchen Zou , Xiangzheng Zhang

Large language models remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, yet we still lack a systematic understanding of how jailbreak success scales with attacker effort across methods, model families, and harm types. We initiate a scaling-law…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xiangwen Wang , Ananth Balashankar , Varun Chandrasekaran

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite advanced general capabilities, still suffer from numerous safety risks, especially jailbreak attacks that bypass safety protocols. Understanding these vulnerabilities through black-box jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yao Huang , Yitong Sun , Shouwei Ruan , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Xingxing Wei

Identifying the vulnerabilities of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for improving their safety by addressing inherent weaknesses. Jailbreaks, in which adversaries bypass safeguards with crafted input prompts, play a central role in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Hamin Koo , Minseon Kim , Jaehyung Kim

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance and have been put into practical use in commercial applications, but they still have potential safety mechanism vulnerabilities. Jailbreak attacks are red teaming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Shiji Zhao , Ranjie Duan , Fengxiang Wang , Chi Chen , Caixin Kang , Shouwei Ruan , Jialing Tao , YueFeng Chen , Hui Xue , Xingxing Wei

Despite prior safety alignment efforts, mainstream LLMs can still generate harmful and unethical content when subjected to jailbreaking attacks. Existing jailbreaking methods fall into two main categories: template-based and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Weipeng Jiang , Zhenting Wang , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Zhengyu Zhao , Chao Shen

This paper focuses on jailbreaking attacks against large language models (LLMs), eliciting them to generate objectionable content in response to harmful user queries. Unlike previous LLM-jailbreak methods that directly orient to LLMs, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haoxuan Ji , Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Xinbo Gao , Gang Hua

This paper introduces Jailbreak-Zero, a novel red teaming methodology that shifts the paradigm of Large Language Model (LLM) safety evaluation from a constrained example-based approach to a more expansive and effective policy-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Kai Hu , Abhinav Aggarwal , Mehran Khodabandeh , David Zhang , Eric Hsin , Li Chen , Ankit Jain , Matt Fredrikson , Akash Bharadwaj

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into high-stakes applications, making robust safety guarantees a central practical and commercial concern. Existing safety evaluations predominantly rely on fixed collections of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zafir Shamsi , Nikhil Chekuru , Zachary Guzman , Shivank Garg

As powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) are now widely used for numerous practical applications, their safety is of critical importance. While alignment techniques have significantly improved overall safety, LLMs remain vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Samuel Jacob Chacko , Sajib Biswas , Chashi Mahiul Islam , Fatema Tabassum Liza , Xiuwen Liu

GPT-4V has attracted considerable attention due to its extraordinary capacity for integrating and processing multimodal information. At the same time, its ability of face recognition raises new safety concerns of privacy leakage. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yuanwei Wu , Yue Huang , Yixin Liu , Xiang Li , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Automated red-teaming has become a crucial approach for uncovering vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs). However, most existing methods focus on isolated safety flaws, limiting their ability to adapt to dynamic defenses and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yanjiang Liu , Shuhen Zhou , Yaojie Lu , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang , Hongyu Lin , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun
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