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We report on experimental observation of low-threshold Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken (RNGH) instability in mid-infrared InGaAs/InAlAs Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) operating at 8 $\mu$m wavelength. The devices employ sequential resonant…

In-context learning (ICL) allows Transformers to adapt to novel tasks without weight updates, yet the underlying algorithms remain poorly understood. We adopt a statistical decision-theoretic perspective by investigating simple binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Faris Chaudhry , Siddhant Gadkari

Visible light communication (VLC) is nowadays envisaged as a promising technology to enable new classes of services in intelligent transportation systems ranging, e.g., from assisted driving to autonomous vehicles. The assessment of the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-03 Stefano Caputo , Lorenzo Mucchi , Francesco Saverio Cataliotti , Marco Seminara , Tassadaq Nawaz , Jacopo Catani

We derive a Markovian master equation for the single-electron density matrix, applicable to quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). The equation conserves the positivity of the density matrix, includes off-diagonal elements (coherences) as well as…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-04-05 O. Jonasson , F. Karimi , I. Knezevic

We demonstrate a powerful tool for high-resolution mid-IR spectroscopy and frequency metrology with quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). We have implemented frequency stabilization of a QCL to an ultra-low expansion (ULE) reference cavity, via…

We develop simple density-matrix models to describe the role of coherence in resonant-tunneling (RT) transport of quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs). Specifically, we investigate the effects of coherent coupling between the lasing levels with…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-12-16 Sushil Kumar , Qing Hu

Using the effective mass and rectangular potential approximations, the theory of electron dynamic conductivity is developed for the plane multilayer resonance tunnel structure placed into a constant electric field within the model of open…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-10-07 M. V. Tkach , Ju. O. Seti , I. V. Boyko , O. M. Voitsekhivska

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful capability of large pretrained transformers, enabling them to solve new tasks implicit in example input-output pairs without any gradient updates. Despite its practical success, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Joshua Hill , Benjamin Eyre , Elliot Creager

This paper reports a detailed experimental characterization of optical performances of Visible Light Communication (VLC) system using a real traffic light for ultra-low latency, infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communications for intelligent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-03 M. Seminara , T. Nawaz , S. Caputo , L. Mucchi , J. Catani

A self-consistent method for calculating electron transport through a molecular device is proposed. It is based on density functional theory electronic structure calculations under periodic boundary conditions and implemented in the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 San-Huang Ke , Harold U. Baranger , Weitao Yang

Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) are increasingly being used to probe the mid-infrared "molecular fingerprint" region. This prompted efforts towards improving their spectral performance, in order to reach ever-higher resolution and precision.…

Transformer neural networks can exhibit a surprising capacity for in-context learning (ICL) despite not being explicitly trained for it. Prior work has provided a deeper understanding of how ICL emerges in transformers, e.g. through the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Aaditya K. Singh , Stephanie C. Y. Chan , Ted Moskovitz , Erin Grant , Andrew M. Saxe , Felix Hill

Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) are compact and efficient sources ideal for molecular spectroscopy applications, such as dual-comb spectroscopy. However, despite over a decade of active developments of QCL frequency comb devices,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Martin Franckie

Silicon-based quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) offer the prospect of integrating coherent THz radiation sources with silicon microelectronics. Theoretical studies have proposed a variety of n-type SiGe-based heterostructures as design…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-05-25 A. Valavanis , T. V. Dinh , L. J. M. Lever , Z. Ikonić , R. W. Kelsall

Mobile traffic prediction is an important enabler for optimizing resource allocation and improving energy efficiency in mobile wireless networks. Building on the advanced contextual understanding and generative capabilities of large…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Han Zhang , Akram Bin Sediq , Ali Afana , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Transformers have a remarkable ability to learn and execute tasks based on examples provided within the input itself, without explicit prior training. It has been argued that this capability, known as in-context learning (ICL), is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-06 Yue M. Lu , Mary I. Letey , Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth , Anindita Maiti , Cengiz Pehlevan

Transformer models exhibit remarkable in-context learning (ICL), adapting to novel tasks from examples within their context, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely mysterious. Here, we provide an exact analytical characterization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Nischal Mainali , Lucas Teixeira

LLMs have shown strong in-context learning (ICL) abilities, but have not yet been extended to signal processing systems. Inspired by their design, we have proposed for the first time ICL using transformer models applicable to motor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Tong Jian , Tianyu Dai , Tao Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have a natural role in answering complex queries about data streams, but the high computational cost of LLM inference makes them infeasible in many such tasks. We propose online cascade learning, the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Lunyiu Nie , Zhimin Ding , Erdong Hu , Christopher Jermaine , Swarat Chaudhuri

The capability of in-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to perform novel tasks without parameter updates by conditioning on a few input-output examples. However, collecting high-quality examples for new or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Xingbo Fu , Chengshuai Shi , Zhenyu Lei , Cong Shen , Jundong Li