Related papers: Can the symmetric Fermi and eROSITA bubbles be pro…
One of the leading explanations for the origin of Fermi Bubbles is a past jet activity in the Galactic center supermassive black hole Sgr A$^*$. The claimed jets are often assumed to be perpendicular to the Galactic plane. Motivated by the…
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reveals two large gamma-ray bubbles in the Galaxy, which extend about 50 degrees (~ 10 kpc) above and below the Galactic center (GC) and are symmetric about the Galactic plane. Using axisymmetric…
The Fermi and eROSITA bubbles are giant gamma-ray and X-ray lobes in the Milky Way, extending up to $\sim$50{\deg} and ~$\sim$80{\deg} in galactic latitude, respectively, yet their origins remain debated. Using three-dimensional…
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reveals two large bubbles in the Galaxy, which extend nearly symmetrically ~50 degrees above and below the Galactic center (GC). Using three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations that…
The Fermi bubbles are two giant bubbles in gamma rays lying above and below the Galactic center (GC). Despite numerous studies on the bubbles, their origin and emission mechanism remain elusive. Here we use a suite of hydrodynamic…
The nature and origin of the Fermi bubbles detected in the inner Galaxy remain elusive. In this paper, we briefly discuss some recent theoretical and observational developments, with a focus on the AGN jet model. Analogous to radio lobes…
The Fermi and eROSITA bubbles in the Milky Way represent an archetypal case of galactic nucleus feedback, yet their origin remains highly debated. Here we use hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the formation of the "Fermi bubbles" in…
The newly launched X-ray satellite, eRosita, has recently revealed two gigantic bubbles extending to ~80 degrees above and below the Galactic center. The morphology of these "eRosita bubbles" bears a remarkable resemblance to the Fermi…
Galactic outflows are ubiquitous in galaxies containing active star formation or supermassive black hole activity. The presence of a large-scale outflow from the center of our own Galaxy was confirmed after the discovery of two large ($\sim…
Observations indicate two nested pairs of extended bipolar bubbles emanating from the Milky-Way center - the $|b|\sim80^\circ$ latitude eROSITA bubbles (RBs), encompassing the smaller, $|b|\sim 50^{\circ}$ Fermi bubbles (FBs) - and classify…
Fermi bubbles are giant gamma-ray structures extended north and south of the Galactic center with characteristic sizes of order of 10 kpc recently discovered by Fermi Large Area Telescope. Good correlation between radio and gamma-ray…
The origin of the Fermi bubbles recently detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope in the inner Galaxy is mysterious. In the companion paper Guo & Mathews (Paper I), we use hydrodynamic simulations to show that they could be produced…
The $Fermi$ gamma-ray telescope discovered a pair of bubbles at the Galactic center. These structures are spatially-correlated with the microwave emission detected by the WMAP and Planck satellites. These bubbles were likely inflated by a…
The Fermi bubbles, two giant gamma-ray bubbles above and below the Galactic center (GC), are among the most important findings of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Because of the proximity, spatially resolved, multi-wavelength…
Gamma-ray data from Fermi-LAT reveal a bi-lobular structure extending up to 50 degrees above and below the galactic centre, which presumably originated in some form of energy release there less than a few million years ago. It has been…
Recently evidence has emerged for enormous features in the gamma-ray sky observed by the Fermi-LAT instrument: bilateral `bubbles' of emission centered on the core of the Galaxy and extending to around 10 kpc above and below the Galactic…
The diffuse gamma-ray sky revealed 'Bubbles' of emission above and below the Galactic Plane symmetric around the centre of the Milky Way with a height of 10 kpc in both directions. At present there is no convincing explanation for the…
{\it Fermi}-LAT has recently detected two gamma ray bubbles disposed symmetrically with respect to the Galactic plane. The bubbles have been suggested to be in a quasi-steady state, inflated by ongoing star formation over the age of the…
The origin of the Fermi bubbles and the microwave haze is yet to be determined. To disentangle different models requires detailed comparisons between theoretical predictions and multi-wavelength observations. Our previous simulations have…
The bipolar, nonthermal, high-latitude lobes known as the Fermi bubbles (FBs) are thought to originate from a massive energy release near the Galactic centre (GC). We constrain the FB engine and the circumgalactic medium (CGM) by…