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Transformers have reshaped machine learning by utilizing attention mechanisms to capture complex patterns in large datasets, leading to significant improvements in performance. This success has contributed to the belief that "bigger means…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Hemanth Saratchandran , Damien Teney , Simon Lucey

Deep learning became the method of choice in recent year for solving a wide variety of predictive analytics tasks. For sequence prediction, recurrent neural networks (RNN) are often the go-to architecture for exploiting sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Kin Gwn Lore , Daniel Stoecklein , Michael Davies , Baskar Ganapathysubramanian , Soumik Sarkar

Robust object tracking requires knowledge and understanding of the object being tracked: its appearance, its motion, and how it changes over time. A tracker must be able to modify its underlying model and adapt to new observations. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-28 Daniel Gordon , Ali Farhadi , Dieter Fox

Sequence modeling is a critical yet challenging task with wide-ranging applications, especially in time series forecasting for domains like weather prediction, temperature monitoring, and energy load forecasting. Transformers, with their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Qisai Liu , Zhanhong Jiang , Joshua R. Waite , Chao Liu , Aditya Balu , Soumik Sarkar

Transformer models have been successful in various sequence processing tasks, but the self-attention mechanism's computational cost limits its practicality for long sequences. Although there are existing attention variants that improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Zicheng Liu , Li Wang , Siyuan Li , Zedong Wang , Haitao Lin , Stan Z. Li

Transformer-based time series forecasting has recently gained strong interest due to the ability of transformers to model sequential data. Most of the state-of-the-art architectures exploit either temporal or inter-channel dependencies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Davide Villaboni , Alberto Castellini , Ivan Luciano Danesi , Alessandro Farinelli

Transformers have revolutionized natural language processing, but their quadratic complexity with respect to sequence length remains a fundamental bottleneck for long-range modeling. While sparse attention mechanisms like RingAttention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

Transformer-based time series foundation models face a fundamental trade-off in choice of tokenization: point-wise embeddings preserve temporal fidelity but scale poorly with sequence length, whereas fixed-length patching improves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sravan Kumar Ankireddy , Nikita Seleznev , Nam H. Nguyen , Yulun Wu , Senthil Kumar , Furong Huang , C. Bayan Bruss

Recency bias is a useful inductive prior for sequential modeling: it emphasizes nearby observations and can still allow longer-range dependencies. Standard Transformer attention lacks this property, relying on all-to-all interactions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Kareem Hegazy , Michael W. Mahoney , N. Benjamin Erichson

The problem of processing very long time-series data (e.g., a length of more than 10,000) is a long-standing research problem in machine learning. Recently, one breakthrough, called neural rough differential equations (NRDEs), has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Jaehoon Lee , Jinsung Jeon , Sheo yon Jhin , Jihyeon Hyeong , Jayoung Kim , Minju Jo , Kook Seungji , Noseong Park

Transformers have become the leading choice in natural language processing over other deep learning architectures. This trend has also permeated the field of time series analysis, especially for long-horizon forecasting, showcasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Ignacio Aguilera-Martos , Andrés Herrera-Poyatos , Julián Luengo , Francisco Herrera

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have long been the dominant architecture in sequence-to-sequence learning. RNNs, however, are inherently sequential models that do not allow parallelization of their computations. Transformers are emerging…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-10 Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli , Samuele Cornell , Mirko Bronzi , Jianyuan Zhong

Transformer based models are increasingly being used in various domains including recommender systems (RS). Pretrained transformer models such as BERT have shown good performance at language modelling. With the greater ability to model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Uzma Mushtaque

We argue that neither transformers nor sub-quadratic architectures are well suited to training at long sequence lengths: the cost of processing the context is too expensive in the former, too inexpensive in the latter. Approaches such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Carles Gelada , Jacob Buckman , Sean Zhang , Txus Bach

In the rapidly evolving field of deep learning, the demand for models that are both expressive and computationally efficient has never been more critical. This paper introduces Orchid, a novel architecture designed to address the quadratic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Mahdi Karami , Ali Ghodsi

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) are elegant reinterpretations of deep networks where continuous time can replace the discrete notion of depth, ODE solvers perform forward propagation, and the adjoint method enables efficient,…

Transformer-based architectures dominate time series modeling by enabling global attention over all timestamps, yet their rigid 'one-size-fits-all' context aggregation fails to address two critical challenges in real-world data: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xiaowen Ma , Shuning Ge , Fan Yang , Xiangyu Li , Yun Chen , Mengting Ma , Wei Zhang , Zhipeng Liu

We propose here an extended attention model for sequence-to-sequence recurrent neural networks (RNNs) designed to capture (pseudo-)periods in time series. This extended attention model can be deployed on top of any RNN and is shown to yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Yagmur G. Cinar , Hamid Mirisaee , Parantapa Goswami , Eric Gaussier , Ali Ait-Bachir , Vadim Strijov

Transformers have become the de facto standard for a wide range of tasks, from image classification to physics simulations. Despite their impressive performance, the quadratic complexity of standard Transformers in both memory and time with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Alex Colagrande , Paul Caillon , Eva Feillet , Alexandre Allauzen

Transformer-based models show their effectiveness across multiple domains and tasks. The self-attention allows to combine information from all sequence elements into context-aware representations. However, global and local information has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Aydar Bulatov , Yuri Kuratov , Mikhail S. Burtsev