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Code-mixing is the phenomenon of using multiple languages in the same utterance of a text or speech. It is a frequently used pattern of communication on various platforms such as social media sites, online gaming, product reviews, etc.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Vivek Srivastava , Mayank Singh

Hate speech is one of the main threats posed by the widespread use of social networks, despite efforts to limit it. Although attention has been devoted to this issue, the lack of datasets and case studies centered around scarcely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Camilla Casula , Sara Tonelli

An accurate language identification tool is an absolute necessity for building complex NLP systems to be used on code-mixed data. Lot of work has been recently done on the same, but there's still room for improvement. Inspired from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Soumil Mandal , Anil Kumar Singh

Hate speech detection is commonly framed as a direct binary classification problem despite being a composite concept defined through multiple interacting factors that vary across legal frameworks, platform policies, and annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Adrián Girón , Pablo Miralles , Javier Huertas-Tato , Sergio D'Antonio , David Camacho

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various NLP tasks but struggle with code-mixed (or code-switched) language understanding. For example, prior work benchmarking the performance of multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Wenbo Zhang , Aditya Majumdar , Amulya Yadav

This paper proposes an automatic speech recognition (ASR) model for hate speech using large language models (LLMs). The proposed method integrates the encoder of the ASR model with the decoder of the LLMs, enabling simultaneous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-09 Ryutaro Oshima , Yuya Hosoda , Youji Iiguni

Pre-training large neural language models, such as BERT, has led to impressive gains on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Although this method has proven to be effective for many domains, it might not always provide desirable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Omkar Gokhale , Aditya Kane , Shantanu Patankar , Tanmay Chavan , Raviraj Joshi

The widespread presence of hate speech on the internet, including formats such as text-based tweets and vision-language memes, poses a significant challenge to digital platform safety. Recent research has developed detection models tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Ming Shan Hee , Aditi Kumaresan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Online platforms struggle to curb hate speech without over-censoring legitimate discourse. Early bidirectional transformer encoders made big strides, but the arrival of ultra-large autoregressive LLMs promises deeper context-awareness.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ariadna Mon , Saúl Fenollosa , Jon Lecumberri

Code translation aims to convert source code from one programming language (PL) to another. Given the promising abilities of large language models (LLMs) in code synthesis, researchers are exploring their potential to automate code…

The presence of sarcasm in conversational systems and social media like chatbots, Facebook, Twitter, etc. poses several challenges for downstream NLP tasks. This is attributed to the fact that the intended meaning of a sarcastic text is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Aditya Shah , Chandresh Kumar Maurya

Hate speech is a global phenomenon, but most hate speech datasets so far focus on English-language content. This hinders the development of more effective hate speech detection models in hundreds of languages spoken by billions across the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Paul Röttger , Debora Nozza , Federico Bianchi , Dirk Hovy

With the involvement of multiple programming languages in modern software development, cross-lingual code clone detection has gained traction within the software engineering community. Numerous studies have explored this topic, proposing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Micheline Bénédicte Moumoula , Abdoul Kader Kabore , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé Bissyande

This paper presents our process for developing a sample-efficient language model for a conversational Hinglish chatbot. Hinglish, a code-mixed language that combines Hindi and English, presents a unique computational challenge due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sakshi Singh , Abhinav Prakash , Aakriti Shah , Chaitanya Sachdeva , Sanjana Dumpala

Sentiment Analysis and other semantic tasks are commonly used for social media textual analysis to gauge public opinion and make sense from the noise on social media. The language used on social media not only commonly diverges from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Anirudh Dahiya , Neeraj Battan , Manish Shrivastava , Dipti Mishra Sharma

This work presents our approach to train a neural network to detect hate-speech texts in Hindi and Bengali. We also explore how transfer learning can be applied to learning these languages, given that they have the same origin and thus, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Tung Minh Phung , Jan Cloos

Code-Mixing is a phenomenon of mixing two or more languages in a speech event and is prevalent in multilingual societies. Given the low-resource nature of Code-Mixing, machine generation of code-mixed text is a prevalent approach for data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Prashant Kodali , Tanmay Sachan , Akshay Goindani , Anmol Goel , Naman Ahuja , Manish Shrivastava , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Implicit hate speech detection is challenging due to its subtlety and reliance on contextual interpretation rather than explicit offensive words. Current approaches rely on contrastive learning, which are shown to be effective on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yejin Lee , Joonghyuk Hahn , Hyeseon Ahn , Yo-Sub Han

Lately, the problem of code-switching has gained a lot of attention and has emerged as an active area of research. In bilingual communities, the speakers commonly embed the words and phrases of a non-native language into the syntax of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Ganji Sreeram , Rohit Sinha

In recent years, code intelligence has gained increasing importance in the field of automated software engineering. Meanwhile, the widespread adoption of Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zhen Yang , Hongyi Lin , Yifan He , Junqi Wang , Zeyu Sun , Shuo Liu , Jie Xu , Pengpeng Wang , Zhongxing Yu , Qingyuan Liang
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