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This paper examines the precision of estimators of Quantile-Based Risk Measures (Value at Risk, Expected Shortfall, Spectral Risk Measures). It first addresses the question of how to estimate the precision of these estimators, and proposes…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2011-03-30 Kevin Dowd , John Cotter

Financial markets have developed a lot of strategies to control risks induced by market fluctuations. Mathematics has emerged as the leading discipline to address fundamental questions in finance as asset pricing model and hedging…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-12-10 Nicole El Karoui

Estimating Monte Carlo error is critical to valid simulation results in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and initial sequence estimators were one of the first methods introduced for this. Over the last few years, focus has been on…

Computation · Statistics 2025-07-08 Arka Banerjee , Dootika Vats

For long term investments, model portfolios are defined at the level of indexes, a setup known as Strategic Asset Allocation (SAA). The possible outcomes at a scale of a few decades can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulations, resulting in a…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-25 Gilles Zumbach

In this paper we analyze and compare the use of Monte Carlo, Quasi-Monte Carlo and hybrid Monte Carlo-methods in the credit risk management system Credit Metrics by J.P.Morgan. We show that hybrid sequences used for simulations, in a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-05-09 Lucia Del Chicca , Gerhard Larcher

For many complex simulation tasks spanning areas such as healthcare, engineering, and finance, Monte Carlo (MC) methods are invaluable due to their unbiased estimates and precise error quantification. Nevertheless, Monte Carlo simulations…

Estimating failure probabilities of engineering systems is an important problem in many engineering fields. In this work we consider such problems where the failure probability is extremely small (e.g $\leq10^{-10}$). In this case, standard…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Xinjuan Chen , Jinglai Li

In this paper, we introduce a new method called SPSC (Simulation, Partitioning, Selection, Cloning) to estimate efficiently the probability of possible solutions in stochastic simulations. This method can be applied to any type of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Yu-Lin Huang , Gildas Morvan , Frédéric Pichon , David Mercier

The stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) and the corresponding Monte Carlo (MC) method are among the most common approaches for studying stochastic processes. They rely on knowledge of interevent probability density functions (PDFs) and on…

Computation · Statistics 2024-02-12 S. Rusconi , E. Akhmatskaya , D. Sokolovski , N. Ballard , J. C. de la Cal

Finance is one of the promising field for industrial application of quantum computing. In particular, quantum algorithms for calculation of risk measures such as the value at risk and the conditional value at risk of a credit portfolio have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-28 Koichi Miyamoto

Monte Carlo Approaches for calculating Value-at-Risk (VaR) are powerful tools widely used by financial risk managers across the globe. However, they are time consuming and sometimes inaccurate. In this paper, a fast and accurate Monte Carlo…

General Economics · Economics 2020-11-17 Seyed Mohammad Sina Seyfi , Azin Sharifi , Hamidreza Arian

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a well-established family of algorithms primarily used in Bayesian statistics to sample from a target distribution when direct sampling is challenging. Existing work on Bayesian decision trees uses MCMC.…

Computation · Statistics 2023-01-24 Efthyvoulos Drousiotis , Paul G. Spirakis , Simon Maskell

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for sampling probability density functions (combined with abundant computational resources) have transformed the sciences, especially in performing probabilistic inferences, or fitting models to data.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 David W. Hogg , Daniel Foreman-Mackey

We present and analyze a quantum algorithm to estimate credit risk more efficiently than Monte Carlo simulations can do on classical computers. More precisely, we estimate the economic capital requirement, i.e. the difference between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-09 Daniel J. Egger , Ricardo Gacía Gutiérrez , Jordi Cahué Mestre , Stefan Woerner

Risk-sensitive planning aims to identify policies maximizing some tail-focused metrics in Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). Such an optimization task can be very costly for the most widely used and interpretable metrics such as threshold…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-09 Alexandre Marthe , Samuel Bounan , Aurélien Garivier , Claire Vernade

In this article, we present a review of the recent developments on the topic of Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) algorithm, in the paradigm of applications in financial engineering. We specifically focus on the recent studies conducted in two…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-09-30 Devang Sinha , Siddhartha P. Chakrabarty

In the following paper we provide a review and development of sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods for option pricing. SMC are a class of Monte Carlo-based algorithms, that are designed to approximate expectations w.r.t a sequence of…

Computation · Statistics 2010-05-27 Ajay Jasra , Pierre Del Moral

We consider the problem of optimizing a real-valued continuous function $f$ using a Bayesian approach, where the evaluations of $f$ are chosen sequentially by combining prior information about $f$, which is described by a random process…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-11-22 Romain Benassi , Julien Bect , Emmanuel Vazquez

This study introduces a computationally efficient algorithm, delayed acceptance Markov chain Monte Carlo (DA-MCMC), designed to improve posterior simulation in quasi-Bayesian inference. Quasi-Bayesian methods, which do not require fully…

Computation · Statistics 2026-02-16 Masahiro Tanaka

Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods have successfully been used in many applications in engineering, statistics and physics. However, these are seldom used in financial option pricing literature and practice. This paper presents SMC method…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-08-04 Pavel V. Shevchenko , Pierre Del Moral