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Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is computationally challenging, with common approaches requiring the solution of multiple reinforcement learning (RL) sub-problems. This work motivates the use of potential-based reward shaping to reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Lauren H. Cooke , Harvey Klyne , Edwin Zhang , Cassidy Laidlaw , Milind Tambe , Finale Doshi-Velez

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly developed as autonomous agents using reinforcement learning (agentic RL) that reason and act in interactive environments. However, sparse and sometimes unverifiable rewards make it extremely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xiaoqian Liu , Ke Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Junge Zhang , Jianbin Jiao

Personalized recommendation requires models that capture sequential user preferences while remaining robust to sparse feedback and semantic ambiguity. Recent work has explored large language models (LLMs) as recommenders and re-rankers, but…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Siqi Liang , Xiawei Wang , Yudi Zhang , Jiaying Zhou

Personalized retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) aims to produce user-tailored responses by incorporating retrieved user profiles alongside the input query. Existing methods primarily focus on improving retrieval and rely on large language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Kepu Zhang , Teng Shi , Weijie Yu , Jun Xu

Active learning strategies respond to the costly labelling task in a supervised classification by selecting the most useful unlabelled examples in training a predictive model. Many conventional active learning algorithms focus on refining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Djallel Bouneffouf

Text-based interactive recommendation provides richer user feedback and has demonstrated advantages over traditional interactive recommender systems. However, recommendations can easily violate preferences of users from their past…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Ruiyi Zhang , Tong Yu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Changyou Chen , Lawrence Carin

Arguably the biggest challenge in applying neural networks is tuning the hyperparameters, in particular the learning rate. The sensitivity to the learning rate is due to the reliance on backpropagation to train the network. In this paper we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-08 Francois Fagan , Garud Iyengar

Implicit graph neural networks have gained popularity in recent years as they capture long-range dependencies while improving predictive performance in static graphs. Despite the tussle between performance degradation due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yongjian Zhong , Hieu Vu , Tianbao Yang , Bijaya Adhikari

Learning reward functions from data is a promising path towards achieving scalable Reinforcement Learning (RL) for robotics. However, a major challenge in training agents from learned reward models is that the agent can learn to exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Danfei Xu , Misha Denil

We explore unconstrained natural language feedback as a learning signal for artificial agents. Humans use rich and varied language to teach, yet most prior work on interactive learning from language assumes a particular form of input (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Theodore R. Sumers , Mark K. Ho , Robert D. Hawkins , Karthik Narasimhan , Thomas L. Griffiths

Our goal is to accurately and efficiently learn reward functions for autonomous robots. Current approaches to this problem include inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), which uses expert demonstrations, and preference-based learning, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Malayandi Palan , Nicholas C. Landolfi , Gleb Shevchuk , Dorsa Sadigh

Learning from rewards (i.e., reinforcement learning or RL) and learning to imitate a teacher (i.e., teacher-student learning) are two established approaches for solving sequential decision-making problems. To combine the benefits of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Idan Shenfeld , Zhang-Wei Hong , Aviv Tamar , Pulkit Agrawal

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) enables powerful LLM alignment but can introduce reward hacking - models exploit spurious correlations in proxy rewards without genuine alignment. Compounding this, the objectives…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Beigi , Ming Jin , Junshan Zhang , Jiaxin Zhang , Qifan Wang , Lifu Huang

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithms often rely on (forward) reinforcement learning or planning, over a given time horizon, to compute an approximately optimal policy for a hypothesized reward function; they then match this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yiqing Xu , Finale Doshi-Velez , David Hsu

Learning to solve complex goal-oriented tasks with sparse terminal-only rewards often requires an enormous number of samples. In such cases, using a set of expert trajectories could help to learn faster. However, Imitation Learning (IL) via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Sujoy Paul , Jeroen van Baar , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

For most reinforcement learning approaches, the learning is performed by maximizing an accumulative reward that is expectedly and manually defined for specific tasks. However, in real world, rewards are emergent phenomena from the complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Min Xu

The emergence of in-context learning (ICL) enables large pre-trained language models (PLMs) to make predictions for unseen inputs without updating parameters. Despite its potential, ICL's effectiveness heavily relies on the quality,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xiaoling Zhou , Wei Ye , Yidong Wang , Chaoya Jiang , Zhemg Lee , Rui Xie , Shikun Zhang

Reinforcement Learning has emerged as a strong alternative to solve optimization tasks efficiently. The use of these algorithms highly depends on the feedback signals provided by the environment in charge of informing about how good (or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Alain Andres , Esther Villar-Rodriguez , Javier Del Ser

The goal of the Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) task is to identify the underlying reward function and the corresponding optimal policy from a set of expert demonstrations. While most IRL algorithms' theoretical guarantees rely on a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-25 Ruijia Zhang , Siliang Zeng , Chenliang Li , Alfredo Garcia , Mingyi Hong

We consider the problem of Imitation Learning (IL) by actively querying noisy expert for feedback. While imitation learning has been empirically successful, much of prior work assumes access to noiseless expert feedback which is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Ayush Sekhari , Karthik Sridharan , Wen Sun , Runzhe Wu