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Related papers: DORY: Deliberative Prompt Recovery for LLM

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks; however, their effectiveness is highly dependent on prompt design, structure, and embedded reasoning signals. Conventional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shiek Ruksana , Sailesh Kiran Kurra , Thipparthi Sanjay Baradwaj

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable proficiency in addressing a diverse array of tasks within the Natural Language Processing (NLP) domain, with various prompt design strategies significantly augmenting their capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Xiangyu Zhao , Chengqian Ma

Prompt Recovery, reconstructing prompts from the outputs of large language models (LLMs), has grown in importance as LLMs become ubiquitous. Most users access LLMs through APIs without internal model weights, relying only on outputs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Shenyang Liu , Yang Gao , Shaoyan Zhai , Liqiang Wang

Although prompt engineering is central to unlocking the full potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), crafting effective prompts remains a time-consuming trial-and-error process that relies on human intuition. This study investigates…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Francisca Lemos , Victor Alves , Filipa Ferraz

Utilizing large language models (LLMs) for zero-shot document ranking is done in one of two ways: (1) prompt-based re-ranking methods, which require no further training but are only feasible for re-ranking a handful of candidate documents…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Shengyao Zhuang , Xueguang Ma , Bevan Koopman , Jimmy Lin , Guido Zuccon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities, while their practical applications are limited by severe factual hallucinations due to limitations in the timeliness, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xinyan Guan , Jiali Zeng , Fandong Meng , Chunlei Xin , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Jie Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses based on user prompts. Often, these prompts may contain highly sensitive information, including personally identifiable information (PII), which could be exposed to third parties hosting these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shashie Dilhara Batan Arachchige , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Dinusha Vatsalan , Dali Kaafar

Large language models (LLMs) are excellent in-context learners. However, the sensitivity of data contained in prompts raises privacy concerns. Our work first shows that these concerns are valid: we instantiate a simple but highly effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Haonan Duan , Adam Dziedzic , Nicolas Papernot , Franziska Boenisch

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation, their inherent tendency toward verbatim memorization of training data introduces critical risks like copyright infringement, insecure emission, and deprecated API utilization,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xue Jiang , Yihong Dong , Huangzhao Zhang , Tangxinyu Wang , Zheng Fang , Yingwei Ma , Rongyu Cao , Binhua Li , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao , Yongbin Li , Ge Li

Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential to accelerate systematic literature reviews (SLRs), yet current approaches often rely on brittle, manually crafted prompts that compromise reliability and reproducibility. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Teo Susnjak

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable of following instructions and complex reasoning, making prompting a flexible interface for adapting models without parameter updates. Yet prompt design remains labor-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Farima Fatahi Bayat , Moin Aminnaseri , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable generative capabilities but often suffer from hallucinations. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers an effective solution by incorporating external knowledge, but existing methods still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xiaoxi Li , Jiajie Jin , Yujia Zhou , Yongkang Wu , Zhonghua Li , Qi Ye , Zhicheng Dou

Large language models (LLMs) are inherently vulnerable to unintended privacy breaches. Consequently, systematic red-teaming research is essential for developing robust defense mechanisms. However, current data extraction methods suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zhiqiang Wang , Ruoxi Cheng

Differentiable Search Index (DSI) utilizes pre-trained language models to perform indexing and document retrieval via end-to-end learning without relying on external indexes. However, DSI requires full re-training to index new documents,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Tuan-Luc Huynh , Thuy-Trang Vu , Weiqing Wang , Yinwei Wei , Trung Le , Dragan Gasevic , Yuan-Fang Li , Thanh-Toan Do

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a method to extend beyond the pre-trained knowledge of Large Language Models by augmenting the original prompt with relevant passages or documents retrieved by an Information…

Dense retrieval (DR) converts queries and documents into dense embeddings and measures the similarity between queries and documents in vector space. One of the challenges in DR is the lack of domain-specific training data. While DR models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhiyuan Peng , Xuyang Wu , Qifan Wang , Yi Fang

Prompting has shown impressive success in enabling large pretrained language models (LMs) to perform diverse NLP tasks, especially when only few downstream data are available. Automatically finding the optimal prompt for each task, however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Mingkai Deng , Jianyu Wang , Cheng-Ping Hsieh , Yihan Wang , Han Guo , Tianmin Shu , Meng Song , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1 have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various reasoning tasks. Their strong capability to generate and reason over intermediate thoughts has also led to arguments that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Saurabh Srivastava , Ziyu Yao

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as summarization, question answering, and translation. However, LLMs pose significant security risks due to their tendency to memorize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhepeng Wang , Runxue Bao , Yawen Wu , Jackson Taylor , Cao Xiao , Feng Zheng , Weiwen Jiang , Shangqian Gao , Yanfu Zhang

The integration of large language models (LLMs) and search engines represents a significant evolution in knowledge acquisition methodologies. However, determining the knowledge that an LLM already possesses and the knowledge that requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jiejun Tan , Zhicheng Dou , Yutao Zhu , Peidong Guo , Kun Fang , Ji-Rong Wen
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