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Pretraining language models directly on web-scale corpora is the de facto paradigm. We study an alternative where the model is initially exposed to abstract structured data to ease the subsequent acquisition of rich semantic knowledge, much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Liangze Jiang , Zachary Shinnick , Anton van den Hengel , Hemanth Saratchandran , Damien Teney

Despite the superior performance, it is challenging to deploy foundation models or large language models (LLMs) due to their massive parameters and computations. While pruning is a promising technique to reduce model size and accelerate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Pu Zhao , Fei Sun , Xuan Shen , Pinrui Yu , Zhenglun Kong , Yanzhi Wang , Xue Lin

With the capabilities of understanding and executing natural language instructions, Large language models (LLMs) can potentially act as a powerful tool for textual data augmentation. However, the quality of augmented data depends heavily on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yichuan Li , Kaize Ding , Jianling Wang , Kyumin Lee

We propose that small pretrained foundational generative language models with millions of parameters can be utilized as a general learning framework for sequence-based tasks. Our proposal overcomes the computational resource, skill set, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Ben Fauber

Transformer based large language models have achieved tremendous success. However, the significant memory and computational costs incurred during the inference process make it challenging to deploy large models on resource-constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Wenxiao Wang , Wei Chen , Yicong Luo , Yongliu Long , Zhengkai Lin , Liye Zhang , Binbin Lin , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He

We present Junk DNA Hypothesis by adopting a novel task-centric angle for the pre-trained weights of large language models (LLMs). It has been believed that weights in LLMs contain significant redundancy, leading to the conception that a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Lu Yin , Ajay Jaiswal , Shiwei Liu , Souvik Kundu , Zhangyang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) generally utilize a consistent data distribution throughout the pretraining process. However, as the model's capability improves, it is intuitive that its data preferences dynamically change, indicating the need…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuemiao Zhang , Liangyu Xu , Feiyu Duan , Yongwei Zhou , Sirui Wang , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

Recently, fine-tuning pre-trained language models (e.g., multilingual BERT) to downstream cross-lingual tasks has shown promising results. However, the fine-tuning process inevitably changes the parameters of the pre-trained model and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Zihan Liu , Genta Indra Winata , Andrea Madotto , Pascale Fung

Adapter-based tuning has recently arisen as an alternative to fine-tuning. It works by adding light-weight adapter modules to a pretrained language model (PrLM) and only updating the parameters of adapter modules when learning on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Ruidan He , Linlin Liu , Hai Ye , Qingyu Tan , Bosheng Ding , Liying Cheng , Jia-Wei Low , Lidong Bing , Luo Si

Standard evaluations of Large language models (LLMs) focus on task performance, offering limited insight into whether correct behavior reflects appropriate underlying mechanisms and risking confirmation bias. We introduce a simple,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zoë Prins , Samuele Punzo , Frank Wildenburg , Giovanni Cinà , Sandro Pezzelle

Pre-trained models have been shown effective in many code intelligence tasks. These models are pre-trained on large-scale unlabeled corpus and then fine-tuned in downstream tasks. However, as the inputs to pre-training and downstream tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Chaozheng Wang , Yuanhang Yang , Cuiyun Gao , Yun Peng , Hongyu Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

Fine-tuning is a promising technique for leveraging Transformer-based language models in downstream tasks. As model sizes continue to grow, updating all model parameters becomes increasingly costly. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Xiaoshuang Ji , Zhendong Zhao , Xiaojun Chen , Xin Zhao , Zeyao Liu

In order to find hyperparameters for a machine learning model, algorithms such as grid search or random search are used over the space of possible values of the models hyperparameters. These search algorithms opt the solution that minimizes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-30 Amir Hossein Akhavan Rahnama , Mehdi Toloo , Nezer Jacob Zaidenberg

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods (PEFTs) offer the promise of adapting large pre-trained models while only tuning a small number of parameters. They have been shown to be competitive with full model fine-tuning for many downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Ahmet Üstün , Asa Cooper Stickland

Sequence-to-sequence language models can be used to produce abstractive summaries which are coherent, relevant, and concise. Still, model sizes can make deployment in latency-sensitive or web-scale implementations difficult. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Daniel Campos , ChengXiang Zhai

Text classification is a significant branch of natural language processing, and has many applications including document classification and sentiment analysis. Unsurprisingly, those who do text classification are concerned with the run-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Wilson Fearn , Orion Weller , Kevin Seppi

Large language models (LLMs) often develop learned mechanisms specialized to specific datasets, such as reliance on domain-specific correlations, which yield high-confidence predictions without generalizable reasoning. While beneficial in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ameen Ali , Shahar Katz , Lior Wolf , Ivan Titov

We propose a novel parameter-efficient training (PET) method for large language models that adapts models to downstream tasks by optimizing a small subset of the existing model parameters. Unlike prior methods, this subset is not fixed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Felix Stahlberg , Jared Lichtarge , Shankar Kumar

Large pre-trained language models have recently gained significant traction due to their improved performance on various down-stream tasks like text classification and question answering, requiring only few epochs of fine-tuning. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Souvik Kundu , Sharath Nittur Sridhar , Maciej Szankin , Sairam Sundaresan

Pruning deep neural networks is a widely used strategy to alleviate the computational burden in machine learning. Overwhelming empirical evidence suggests that pruned models retain very high accuracy even with a tiny fraction of parameters.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Viplove Arora , Daniele Irto , Sebastian Goldt , Guido Sanguinetti