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The ability to ask questions is important in both human and machine intelligence. Learning to ask questions helps knowledge acquisition, improves question-answering and machine reading comprehension tasks, and helps a chatbot to keep the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Bang Liu , Haojie Wei , Di Niu , Haolan Chen , Yancheng He

Question Generation (QG) receives increasing research attention in NLP community. One motivation for QG is that QG significantly facilitates the preparation of educational reading practice and assessments. While the significant advancement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ying-Hong Chan , Ho-Lam Chung , Yao-Chung Fan

This paper introduces GPT-HTree, a framework combining hierarchical clustering, decision trees, and large language models (LLMs) to address this challenge. By leveraging hierarchical clustering to segment individuals based on salient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Te Pei , Fuat Alican , Aaron Ontoyin Yin , Yigit Ihlamur

The growth of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) presents significant challenges for personalized learning, where concept recommendation is crucial. Existing approaches typically rely on heterogeneous information networks or knowledge…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xiangrui Xiong , Yichuan Lu , Zifei Pan , Chang Sun

Generative recommendation systems, driven by large language models (LLMs), present an innovative approach to predicting user preferences by modeling items as token sequences and generating recommendations in a generative manner. A critical…

Clustering is a fundamental tool that has garnered significant interest across a wide range of applications including text analysis. To improve clustering accuracy, many researchers have incorporated background knowledge, typically in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Chaoqi Jia , Weihong Wu , Longkun Guo , Zhigang Lu , Chao Chen , Kok-Leong Ong

Question generation in education is a time-consuming and cognitively demanding task, as it requires creating questions that are both contextually relevant and pedagogically sound. Current automated question generation methods often generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Subhankar Maity , Aniket Deroy , Sudeshna Sarkar

Custom keyword spotting (KWS) allows detecting user-defined spoken keywords from streaming audio. This is achieved by comparing the embeddings from voice enrollments and input audio. State-of-the-art custom KWS models are typically trained…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-06 Pai Zhu , Quan Wang , Dhruuv Agarwal , Kurt Partridge

Knowledge tagging for questions is vital in modern intelligent educational applications, including learning progress diagnosis, practice question recommendations, and course content organization. Traditionally, these annotations have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Hang Li , Tianlong Xu , Ethan Chang , Qingsong Wen

The task of Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC) aims to automatically infer the missing fact information in Knowledge Graph (KG). In this paper, we take a new perspective that aims to leverage rich user-item interaction data (user interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Gaole He , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Peiju Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

The previous smart contract code comment (SCC) generation approaches can be divided into two categories: fine-tuning paradigm-based approaches and information retrieval-based approaches. However, for the fine-tuning paradigm-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Junjie Zhao , Xiang Chen , Guang Yang , Yiheng Shen

Reading comprehension tests are used in a variety of applications, reaching from education to assessing the comprehensibility of simplified texts. However, creating such tests manually and ensuring their quality is difficult and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Andreas Säuberli , Simon Clematide

The field of education has undergone a significant transformation due to the rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Among the various AI technologies, Knowledge Graphs (KGs) using Natural Language Processing (NLP) have emerged…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Zeju Li , Linya Cheng , Chunhong Zhang , Xinning Zhu , Hui Zhao

Query clustering organizes queries into groups that reflect shared latent capability demands, enabling capability-aware LLM evaluation. Existing clustering methods, which primarily rely on semantic taxonomies or embeddings, often fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Fangzhou Wu , Sandeep Silwal , Qiuyi Zhang

Deep clustering as an important branch of unsupervised representation learning focuses on embedding semantically similar samples into the identical feature space. This core demand inspires the exploration of contrastive learning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Haifeng Xia , Hai Huang , Zhengming Ding

KG (Knowledge Generation) and understanding have traditionally been a Human-centric activity. KE (Knowledge Engineering) and KM (Knowledge Management) have tried to augment human knowledge on two separate planes: the first deals with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Nadeem Kafi , Zubair Ahmed Shaikh , Muhammad Shahid Shaikh

Knowledge tagging for questions plays a crucial role in contemporary intelligent educational applications, including learning progress diagnosis, practice question recommendations, and course content organization. Traditionally, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hang Li , Tianlong Xu , Jiliang Tang , Qingsong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in diverse areas, yet struggle with complex scientific reasoning, especially in the field of chemistry. Different from the simple chemistry tasks (e.g., molecule classification) addressed in previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Siru Ouyang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Bing Yan , Xuan Liu , Yejin Choi , Jiawei Han , Lianhui Qin

Extracting key concepts and their relationships from course information and materials facilitates the provision of visualizations and recommendations for learners who need to select the right courses to take from a large number of courses.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Tianyuan Yang , Ren Baofeng , Chenghao Gu , Tianjia He , Boxuan Ma , Shinichi Konomi

We explore the automatic generation of interactive, scenario-based lessons designed to train novice human tutors who teach middle school mathematics online. Employing prompt engineering through a Retrieval-Augmented Generation approach with…