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Blockchain sharding improves the scalability of blockchain systems by partitioning the whole blockchain state, nodes, and transaction workloads into different shards. However, existing blockchain sharding systems generally suffer from a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 You Lin , Mingzhe Li , Jin Zhang

Sharding has emerged as a critical solution to address the scalability challenges faced by blockchain networks, enabling them to achieve higher transaction throughput, reduced latency, and optimized resource usage. This paper investigates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ziwei Wang , Cong Wu , Paolo Tasca

Throughput limitations of existing blockchain architectures are one of the most significant hurdles for their wide-spread adoption. Attempts to address this challenge include layer-2 solutions, such as Bitcoin's Lightning or Ethereum's…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Alexander Hentschel , Dieter Shirley , Layne Lafrance

This thesis introduces a formal general framework for scaling blockchain protocols by sharding. The framework is modular and it can be adjusted for different needs or sets of assumptions. We prove that sharded protocols obtained by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Zuphit Fidelman

Sharding is used to address the performance and scalability issues of the blockchain protocols, which divides the overall transaction processing costs among multiple clusters of nodes. Shards require less storage capacity and communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch

The main problem faced by smart contract platforms is the amount of time and computational power required to reach consensus. In a classical blockchain model, each operation is in fact performed by each node, both to update the status and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Alessio Meneghetti , Tommaso Parise , Massimiliano Sala , Daniele Taufer

Cryptocurrencies, implemented with blockchain protocols, promise to become a global payment system if they can overcome performance limitations. Rapidly advancing architectures improve on latency and throughput, but most require all…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Alex Manuskin , Michael Mirkin , Ittay Eyal

Blockchain has become a popular emergent technology in many industries. It is suitable for a broad range of applications, from its base role as an immutable distributed ledger to the deployment of distributed applications. Many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Inwon Kang , Aparna Gupta , Oshani Seneviratne

Nowadays, sharding is deemed as a promising way to save traditional blockchain protocols from their low scalability. However, such technique also brings several potential risks and huge communication overheads. An improper design may give…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Mengqian Zhang , Jichen Li , Zhaohua Chen , Hongyin Chen , Xiaotie Deng

Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in the blockchain technology, and many blockchain-based applications have been developed to take advantage of its decentralization, transparency, fault tolerance, and strong security. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Yihao Guo , Zhiguo Wan , Xiuzhen Cheng

Bitcoin's success has led to significant interest in its underlying components, particularly Blockchain technology. Over 10 years after Bitcoin's initial release, the community still suffers from a lack of clarity regarding what properties…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Scott Ruoti , Ben Kaiser , Arkady Yerukhimovich , Jeremy Clark , Robert Cunningham

In recent years, blockchain technology has been recognized as a transformative innovation in the tech world, and it has quickly become the core infrastructure of digital currencies such as Bitcoin and an important tool in various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mohsen Ghorbian , Mostafa Ghobaei-Arani

For permissionless blockchains, scalability is paramount. While current technologies still fail to address this problem fully, many research works propose sharding or other techniques that extensively adopt parallel processing of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Andrea Mariani , Gianluca Mariani , Diego Pennino , Maurizio Pizzonia

After the success of the Bitcoin blockchain, came several cryptocurrencies and blockchain solutions in the last decade. Nonetheless, Blockchain-based systems still suffer from low transaction rates and high transaction processing latencies,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ankit Gangwal , Haripriya Ravali Gangavalli , Apoorva Thirupathi

Blockchain technology offers decentralization and security but struggles with scalability, particularly in enterprise settings where efficiency and controlled access are paramount. Sharding is a promising solution for private blockchains,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 M. Z. Haider , M. Dias de Assuncao , Kaiwen Zhang

A promising way to overcome the scalability limitations of the current blockchain is to use sharding, which is to split the transaction processing among multiple, smaller groups of nodes. A well-performed blockchain sharding system requires…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Mingzhe Li , You Lin , Wei Wang , Jin Zhang

Today's blockchain designs suffer from a trilemma claiming that no blockchain system can simultaneously achieve decentralization, security, and performance scalability. For current blockchain systems, as more nodes join the network, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Songze Li , Mingchao Yu , Chien-Sheng Yang , A. Salman Avestimehr , Sreeram Kannan , Pramod Viswanath

Blockchain Sharding is a blockchain performance enhancement approach. By splitting a blockchain into several parallel-run committees (shards), it helps increase transaction throughput, reduce computational resources required, and increase…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Yibin Xu , Jianhua Shao , Yangyu Huang , Tijs Slaats , Boris Düdder

Blockchain is an emerging decentralized data collection, sharing and storage technology, which have provided abundant transparent, secure, tamper-proof, secure and robust ledger services for various real-world use cases. Recent years have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Xiao Li , Weili Wu

Sharding enhances blockchain scalability by partitioning nodes into multiple groups for concurrent transaction processing. Configuring a large number of small shards usually helps improve transaction concurrency, but it also increases the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mingzhe Li , You Lin , Jin Zhang