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We explore the use of normalizing flows to emulate Monte Carlo detector simulations of photon showers in a high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter prototype for the International Large Detector (ILD). Our proposed method -- which we…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-10-23 Sascha Diefenbacher , Engin Eren , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Claudius Krause , Imahn Shekhzadeh , David Shih

We introduce CaloFlow, a fast detector simulation framework based on normalizing flows. For the first time, we demonstrate that normalizing flows can reproduce many-channel calorimeter showers with extremely high fidelity, providing a fresh…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-07-12 Claudius Krause , David Shih

Whenever invertible generative networks are needed for LHC physics, normalizing flows show excellent performance. In this work, we investigate their performance for fast calorimeter shower simulations with increasing phase space dimension.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-06 Florian Ernst , Luigi Favaro , Claudius Krause , Tilman Plehn , David Shih

Recently, we introduced CaloFlow, a high-fidelity generative model for GEANT4 calorimeter shower emulation based on normalizing flows. Here, we present CaloFlow v2, an improvement on our original framework that speeds up shower generation…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-08 Claudius Krause , David Shih

Simulation is crucial for all aspects of collider data analysis, but the available computing budget in the High Luminosity LHC era will be severely constrained. Generative machine learning models may act as surrogates to replace…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-10-04 Oz Amram , Kevin Pedro

The simulation of calorimeter showers presents a significant computational challenge, impacting the efficiency and accuracy of particle physics experiments. While generative ML models have been effective in enhancing and accelerating the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-05-28 Simon Schnake , Dirk Krücker , Kerstin Borras

Simulating showers of particles in highly-granular calorimeters is a key frontier in the application of machine learning to particle physics. Achieving high accuracy and speed with generative machine learning models can enable them to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-02-02 Thorsten Buss , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Anatolii Korol , Katja Krüger , Peter McKeown , Martina Mozzanica

Simulating particle detector response is the single most expensive step in the Large Hadron Collider computational pipeline. Recently it was shown that normalizing flows can accelerate this process while achieving unprecedented levels of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-15 Matthew R. Buckley , Claudius Krause , Ian Pang , David Shih

Accurate and efficient detector simulation is essential for modern collider experiments. To reduce the high computational cost, various fast machine learning surrogate models have been proposed. Traditional surrogate models for calorimeter…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-21 Thorsten Buss , Henry Day-Hall , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Katja Krüger

Fast simulation of the energy depositions in high-granular detectors is needed for future collider experiments with ever-increasing luminosities. Generative machine learning (ML) models have been shown to speed up and augment the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-27 Erik Buhmann , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Anatolii Korol , William Korcari , Katja Krüger , Peter McKeown

Accurate simulation of physical processes is crucial for the success of modern particle physics. However, simulating the development and interaction of particle showers with calorimeter detectors is a time consuming process and drives the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-28 Erik Buhmann , Sascha Diefenbacher , Engin Eren , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Anatolii Korol , Katja Krüger

Building LiDAR generative models holds promise as powerful data priors for restoration, scene manipulation, and scalable simulation in autonomous mobile robots. In recent years, approaches using diffusion models have emerged, significantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Kazuto Nakashima , Xiaowen Liu , Tomoya Miyawaki , Yumi Iwashita , Ryo Kurazume

Normalizing flows are a class of generative models that enable exact likelihood evaluation. While these models have already found various applications in particle physics, normalizing flows are not flexible enough to model many of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-09-07 Rob Verheyen

Physicists at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) rely on detailed simulations of particle collisions to build expectations of what experimental data may look like under different theory modeling assumptions. Petabytes of simulated data are…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2018-02-06 Michela Paganini , Luke de Oliveira , Benjamin Nachman

The demands placed on computational resources by the simulation requirements of high energy physics experiments motivate the development of novel simulation tools. Machine learning based generative models offer a solution that is both fast…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-04-03 Sascha Diefenbacher , Engin Eren , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Anatolii Korol , Katja Krüger , Peter McKeown , Lennart Rustige

Normalizing flows are a class of probabilistic generative models which allow for both fast density computation and efficient sampling and are effective at modelling complex distributions like images. A drawback among current methods is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Jason J. Yu , Konstantinos G. Derpanis , Marcus A. Brubaker

Denoising diffusion models have gained prominence in various generative tasks, prompting their exploration for the generation of calorimeter responses. Given the computational challenges posed by detector simulations in high-energy physics…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-10-16 Dmitrii Kobylianskii , Nathalie Soybelman , Etienne Dreyer , Eilam Gross

This thesis presents novel contributions in two primary areas: advancing the efficiency of generative models, particularly normalizing flows, and applying generative models to solve real-world computer vision challenges. The first part…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sandeep Nagar

Deep generative models such as flow and diffusion models have proven to be effective in modeling high-dimensional and complex data types such as videos or proteins, and this has motivated their use in different data modalities, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ege Erdogan

In High Energy Physics, detailed calorimeter simulations and reconstructions are essential for accurate energy measurements and particle identification, but their high granularity makes them computationally expensive. Developing data-driven…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-31 Andrea Cosso
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