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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in tasks requiring interpretive and inferential accuracy. In this paper, we introduce ExpliCa, a new dataset for evaluating LLMs in explicit causal reasoning. ExpliCa uniquely integrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Martina Miliani , Serena Auriemma , Alessandro Bondielli , Emmanuele Chersoni , Lucia Passaro , Irene Sucameli , Alessandro Lenci

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the ability to solve a variety of tasks, such as text summarization and mathematical questions, just out of the box, but they are often trained with a single task in mind. Due to high computational costs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Chen Dun , Mirian Hipolito Garcia , Guoqing Zheng , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Robert Sim

Prompt engineering has made significant contributions to the era of large language models, yet its effectiveness depends on the skills of a prompt author. This paper introduces $\textit{iPrOp}$, a novel interactive prompt optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Jiahui Li , Roman Klinger

Large pre-trained language models (LMs) have been shown to perform surprisingly well when fine-tuned on tasks that require commonsense and world knowledge. However, in end-to-end architectures, it is difficult to explain what is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Veronica Latcinnik , Jonathan Berant

Large language model (LLM) performance depends heavily on prompt design, yet prompt construction is often described and applied inconsistently. Our purpose was to derive a reference framework for structuring LLM prompts. This paper presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 David A. Cook

Commonsense reasoning is a difficult task for a computer, but a critical skill for an artificial intelligence (AI). It can enhance the explainability of AI models by enabling them to provide intuitive and human-like explanations for their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Stefanie Krause , Frieder Stolzenburg

Code comment generation aims at generating natural language descriptions for a code snippet to facilitate developers' program comprehension activities. Despite being studied for a long time, a bottleneck for existing approaches is that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Mingyang Geng , Shangwen Wang , Dezun Dong , Haotian Wang , Ge Li , Zhi Jin , Xiaoguang Mao , Xiangke Liao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks by effectively utilizing a prompting strategy. However, they are highly sensitive to input perturbations, such as typographical errors or slight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lin Mu , Guowei Chu , Li Ni , Lei Sang , Yiwen Zhang

Large pretrained models are showing increasingly better performance in reasoning and planning tasks across different modalities, opening the possibility to leverage them for complex sequential decision making problems. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Martin Klissarov , Devon Hjelm , Alexander Toshev , Bogdan Mazoure

Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

Automatic prompt generation plays a crucial role in enabling general-purpose multi-agent systems to perform diverse tasks autonomously. Existing methods typically evaluate prompts based on their immediate task performance, overlooking the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ke Chen , Yufei Zhou , Xitong Zhang , Haohan Wang

Recent advancements in long-context modeling have enhanced language models (LMs) for complex tasks across multiple NLP applications. Despite this progress, we find that these models struggle with multi-hop reasoning and exhibit decreased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Yanyang Li , Shuo Liang , Michael R. Lyu , Liwei Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multilingual, real-world applications with user inputs -- naturally introducing \emph{typographical errors} (typos). Yet most benchmarks assume clean input, leaving the robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Raoyuan Zhao , Yihong Liu , Lena Altinger , Hinrich Schütze , Michael A. Hedderich

Providing explanations within the recommendation system would boost user satisfaction and foster trust, especially by elaborating on the reasons for selecting recommended items tailored to the user. The predominant approach in this domain…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Yicui Peng , Hao Chen , Chingsheng Lin , Guo Huang , Jinrong Hu , Hui Guo , Bin Kong , Shu Hu , Xi Wu , Xin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have recently been applied to various NLP tasks due to its open-domain generation capabilities. However, there are two issues with applying LLMs to dialogue tasks. 1. During the dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Siwei Wu , Xiangqing Shen , Rui Xia

In recent years, the use of large language models (LLMs) has significantly increased, and these models have demonstrated remarkable performance in a variety of general language tasks. However, the evaluation of their performance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Iman Barati , Arash Ghafouri , Behrouz Minaei-Bidgoli

In recent years, the advent of the attention mechanism has significantly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP), revolutionizing text processing and text generation. This has come about through transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhiyao Zhang , Yazan Mash'Al , Yuhan Wu

The powerful generative abilities of large language models (LLMs) show potential in generating relevance labels for search applications. Previous work has found that directly asking about relevancy, such as ``How relevant is document A to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Le Yan , Zhen Qin , Honglei Zhuang , Rolf Jagerman , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky , Harrie Oosterhuis

Recent research has explored using Large Language Models for recommendation tasks by transforming user interaction histories and item metadata into text prompts, then having the LLM produce rankings or recommendations. A promising approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Bo Ma , LuYao Liu , Simon Lau , Chandler Yuan , and XueY Cui , Rosie Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional instruct-following ability to complete various downstream tasks. Although this impressive ability makes LLMs flexible task solvers, their performance in solving tasks also heavily relies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Pengwei Zhan , Zhen Xu , Qian Tan , Jie Song , Ru Xie