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Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong common-sense reasoning abilities, making them promising for robotic navigation and planning tasks. However, despite recent progress, bridging the gap between language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mingfeng Yuan , Letian Wang , Steven L. Waslander

Explainability and transparent decision-making are essential for the safe deployment of autonomous driving systems. Scene captioning summarizes environmental conditions and risk factors in natural language, improving transparency, safety,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zihang Wang , Xu Li , Benwu Wang , Wenkai Zhu , Xieyuanli Chen , Dong Kong , Kailin Lyu , Yinan Du , Yiming Peng , Haoyang Che

Natural-language Guided Cross-view Geo-localization (NGCG) aims to retrieve geo-tagged satellite imagery using textual descriptions of ground scenes. While recent NGCG methods commonly rely on CLIP-style dual-encoder architectures, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuqi Chen , Xiaohan Zhang , Ahmad Arrabi , Waqas Sultani , Chen Chen , Safwan Wshah

This work presents a method that is able to predict the geolocation of a street-view photo taken in the wild within a state-sized search region by matching against a database of aerial reference imagery. We partition the search region into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Florian Fervers , Sebastian Bullinger , Christoph Bodensteiner , Michael Arens , Rainer Stiefelhagen

The exploration of multimodal language models integrates multiple data types, such as images, text, language, audio, and other heterogeneity. While the latest large language models excel in text-based tasks, they often struggle to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Jiayang Wu , Wensheng Gan , Zefeng Chen , Shicheng Wan , Philip S. Yu

Determining the precise geographic location of an image at a global scale remains an unsolved challenge. Standard image retrieval techniques are inefficient due to the sheer volume of images (>100M) and fail when coverage is insufficient.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Philipp Lindenberger , Paul-Edouard Sarlin , Jan Hosang , Matteo Balice , Marc Pollefeys , Simon Lynen , Eduard Trulls

Cross-view geo-localization identifies the locations of street-view images by matching them with geo-tagged satellite images or OSM. However, most existing studies focus on image-to-image retrieval, with fewer addressing text-guided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Junyan Ye , Honglin Lin , Leyan Ou , Dairong Chen , Zihao Wang , Qi Zhu , Conghui He , Weijia Li

The vast amount of geo-tagged social images has attracted great attention in research of predicting location using the plentiful content of images, such as visual content and textual description. Most of the existing researches use the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-05-18 Xiaoming Zhang , Zhoujun Li , Senzhang Wang , Yang Yang , Xueqiang Lv

Connecting text and visual modalities plays an essential role in generative intelligence. For this reason, inspired by the success of large language models, significant research efforts are being devoted to the development of Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Davide Caffagni , Federico Cocchi , Luca Barsellotti , Nicholas Moratelli , Sara Sarto , Lorenzo Baraldi , Lorenzo Baraldi , Marcella Cornia , Rita Cucchiara

Recent advances in multimodal large language models(MLLMs) have led to remarkable progress in visual grounding, enabling fine-grained cross-modal alignment between textual queries and image regions. However, transferring such capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Peirong Zhang , Yidan Zhang , Luxiao Xu , Jinliang Lin , Zonghao Guo , Fengxiang Wang , Xue Yang , Kaiwen Wei , Lei Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a broad range of tasks involving question answering and the generation of coherent text and code. Comprehensively understanding the strengths and weaknesses of LLMs is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Jonathan Roberts , Timo Lüddecke , Sowmen Das , Kai Han , Samuel Albanie

This work investigates the use of large language models (LLMs) for tasks in smart cities. The core idea is to leverage remote sensing imagery to characterize the built environment, including design suggestions, constructability assessment,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dongdong Wang , Deepak Balakrishnan , Ravi Srinivasan , Shenhao Wang

Landuse characterization is important for urban planning. It is traditionally performed with field surveys or manual photo interpretation, two practices that are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, we aim to automate landuse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Shivangi Srivastava , John E. Vargas-Muñoz , Devis Tuia

Humanitarian crises demand timely and accurate geographic information to inform effective response efforts. Yet, automated systems that extract locations from text often reproduce existing geographic and socioeconomic biases, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 G. Cafferata , T. Demarco , K. Kalimeri , Y. Mejova , M. G. Beiró

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant advancements in natural language understanding. However, through that enormous semantic representation that the LLM has learnt, is it somehow possible for it to understand images as well?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Mu Cai , Zeyi Huang , Yuheng Li , Utkarsh Ojha , Haohan Wang , Yong Jae Lee

Geo-spatial analysis of our world benefits from a multimodal approach, as every single geographic location can be described in numerous ways (images from various viewpoints, textual descriptions, geographic coordinates, etc.). Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Oskar Kristoffersen , Alba Reinders Sánchez , Morten Rieger Hannemose , Anders Bjorholm Dahl , Dim P. Papadopoulos

As AI moves beyond text, large language models (LLMs) increasingly power vision, audio, and document understanding; however, their high inference costs hinder real-time, scalable deployment. Conversely, smaller open-source models offer cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mayank Saini , Arit Kumar Bishwas

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Geo-localization aims to infer the geographic location where an image was captured using observable visual evidence. Traditional methods achieve impressive results through large-scale training on massive image corpora. With the emergence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jinnao Li , Zijian Chen , Tingzhu Chen , Changbo Wang

Recent work has shown how to learn better visual-semantic embeddings by leveraging image descriptions in more than one language. Here, we investigate in detail which conditions affect the performance of this type of grounded language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-21 Ákos Kádár , Desmond Elliott , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Grzegorz Chrupała , Afra Alishahi