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This paper presents an experience report on the development of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using PDF documents as the primary data source. The RAG architecture combines generative capabilities of Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ayman Asad Khan , Md Toufique Hasan , Kai Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Pekka Abrahamsson

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising approach to address key limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as hallucination, outdated knowledge, and lacking reference. However, current RAG frameworks often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zihan Wang , Zihan Liang , Zhou Shao , Yufei Ma , Huangyu Dai , Ben Chen , Lingtao Mao , Chenyi Lei , Yuqing Ding , Han Li

The use of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has improved Large Language Models (LLMs) in collaborating with external data, yet significant challenges exist in real-world scenarios. In areas such as academic literature and finance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yulong Hui , Yao Lu , Huanchen Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful solution to mitigate the limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as hallucinations and outdated knowledge. However, deploying RAG-based tools in Small and Medium…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Mathieu Bourdin , Anas Neumann , Thomas Paviot , Robert Pellerin , Samir Lamouri

Document understanding is critical for applications from financial analysis to scientific discovery. Current approaches, whether OCR-based pipelines feeding Large Language Models (LLMs) or native Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), face key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sensen Gao , Shanshan Zhao , Xu Jiang , Lunhao Duan , Yong Xien Chng , Qing-Guo Chen , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jia-Wang Bian , Mingming Gong

\textbf{Objective:} We aimed to develop an advanced multi-task large language model (LLM) framework to extract multiple types of information about dietary supplements (DS) from clinical records. \textbf{Methods:} We used four core DS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zaifu Zhan , Shuang Zhou , Mingchen Li , Rui Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to factual inaccuracies. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by leveraging external documents, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lingnan Xu , Chong Feng , Kaiyuan Zhang , Liu Zhengyong , Wenqiang Xu , Fanqing Meng

Unified information extraction (UIE) aims to extract diverse structured information from unstructured text. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for UIE, they require significant computational resources and often struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xincheng Liao , Junwen Duan , Yixi Huang , Jianxin Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a framework to address the constraints of Large Language Models (LLMs). Yet, its effectiveness fundamentally hinges on document chunking - an often-overlooked determinant of its quality.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Samuel Taiwo , Mohd Amaluddin Yusoff

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a popular technique for using large language models (LLMs) to build customer-support, question-answering solutions. In this paper, we share our team's practical experience building and maintaining…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sarah Packowski , Inge Halilovic , Jenifer Schlotfeldt , Trish Smith

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has become the standard in long context question answering (QA) systems. However, typical implementations of RAG rely on a rather naive retrieval mechanism, in which texts whose embeddings are most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Keyush Shah , Abhishek Goyal , Isaac Wasserman

Industrial part specification extraction from unstructured text remains a persistent challenge in manufacturing, procurement, and maintenance, where manual processing is both time-consuming and error-prone. This paper introduces a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Muzakkiruddin Ahmed Mohammed , John R. Talburt , Leon Claasssens , Adriaan Marais

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique used to augment Large Language Models (LLMs) with contextually relevant, time-critical, or domain-specific information without altering the underlying model parameters. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Laurent Mombaerts , Terry Ding , Adi Banerjee , Florian Felice , Jonathan Taws , Tarik Borogovac

Organizations increasingly rely on proprietary enterprise data, including HR records, structured reports, and tabular documents, for critical decision-making. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong generative capabilities, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Chandana Cheerla

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) integrates large language models ( LLM s) with retrievers to access external knowledge, improving the factuality of LLM generation in knowledge-grounded tasks. To optimize the RAG performance, most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Zhengliang Shi , Lingyong Yan , Weiwei Sun , Yue Feng , Pengjie Ren , Xinyu Ma , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Despite advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) for visual document understanding (VDU), visual information extraction (VIE) from relation-rich documents remains challenging due to the layout diversity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zi-Han Jiang , Chien-Wei Lin , Wei-Hua Li , Hsuan-Tung Liu , Yi-Ren Yeh , Chu-Song Chen

Businesses heavily rely on data sourced from various channels like news articles, financial reports, and consumer reviews to drive their operations, enabling informed decision-making and identifying opportunities. However, traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Muhammad Arslan , Saba Munawar , Christophe Cruz

The field of visually rich document understanding (VRDU) aims to solve a multitude of well-researched NLP tasks in a multi-modal domain. Several datasets exist for research on specific tasks of VRDU such as document classification (DC), key…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising technique to enhance the quality and relevance of responses generated by large language models. While recent advancements have mainly focused on improving RAG for text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ainulla Khan , Yamada Moyuru , Srinidhi Akella

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a method to extend beyond the pre-trained knowledge of Large Language Models by augmenting the original prompt with relevant passages or documents retrieved by an Information…

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