Related papers
Related papers: Refractive index in the JUNO liquid scintillator
200 papers
We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2021-03-17
JUNO collaboration , Angel Abusleme , Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Rizwan Ahmed , Sebastiano Aiello , Muhammad Akram , Fengpeng An , Guangpeng An , Qi An , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Burin Asavapibhop , João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André , Didier Auguste , Andrej Babic , Wander Baldini , Andrea Barresi , Eric Baussan , Marco Bellato , Antonio Bergnoli , Enrico Bernieri , Thilo Birkenfeld , Sylvie Blin , David Blum , Simon Blyth , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Clément Bordereau , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Riccardo Bruno , Antonio Budano , Mario Buscemi , Jose Busto , Ilya Butorov , Anatael Cabrera , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Yanke Cai , Zhiyan Cai , Antonio Cammi , Agustin Campeny , Chuanya Cao , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cédric Cerna , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Pingping Chen , Po-An Chen , Shaomin Chen , Shenjian Chen , Xurong Chen , Yi-Wen Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Zhang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Artem Chukanov , Anna Chuvashova , Gérard Claverie , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Daniele Corti , Salvatore Costa , Flavio Dal Corso , Olivia Dalager , Christophe De La Taille , Jiawei Deng , Zhi Deng , Ziyan Deng , Wilfried Depnering , Marco Diaz , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Tadeas Dohnal , Georgy Donchenko , Jianmeng Dong , Damien Dornic , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Marcos Dracos , Frédéric Druillole , Shuxian Du , Stefano Dusini , Martin Dvorak , Timo Enqvist , Heike Enzmann , Andrea Fabbri , Lukas Fajt , Donghua Fan , Lei Fan , Can Fang , Jian Fang , Marco Fargetta , Anna Fatkina , Dmitry Fedoseev , Vladko Fekete , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Richard Ford , Andrey Formozov , Amélie Fournier , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Alexandre Göttel , Christoph Genster , Marco Giammarchi , Agnese Giaz , Nunzio Giudice , Franco Giuliani , Maxim Gonchar , Guanghua Gong , Hui Gong , Oleg Gorchakov , Yuri Gornushkin , Marco Grassi , Christian Grewing , Vasily Gromov , Minghao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Maria Gul , Cong Guo , Jingyuan Guo , Wanlei Guo , Xinheng Guo , Yuhang Guo , Paul Hackspacher , Caren Hagner , Ran Han , Yang Han , Muhammad Hassan , Miao He , Wei He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth , Yuekun Heng , Rafael Herrera , Daojin Hong , YuenKeung Hor , Shaojing Hou , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jianrun Hu , Jun Hu , Shouyang Hu , Tao Hu , Zhuojun Hu , Chunhao Huang , Guihong Huang , Hanxiong Huang , Qinhua Huang , Wenhao Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Wenju Huo , Cédric Huss , Safeer Hussain , Antonio Insolia , Ara Ioannisian , Roberto Isocrate , Beatrice Jelmini , Kuo-Lun Jen , Xiaolu Ji , Xingzhao Ji , Huihui Jia , Junji Jia , Siyu Jian , Di Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Ruyi Jin , Xiaoping Jing , Cécile Jollet , Jari Joutsenvaara , Sirichok Jungthawan , Leonidas Kalousis , Philipp Kampmann , Li Kang , Michael Karagounis , Narine Kazarian , Amir Khan , Waseem Khan , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Patrick Kinz , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Svetlana Krokhaleva , Zinovy Krumshteyn , Andre Kruth , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Pasi Kuusiniemi , Tobias Lachenmaier , Cecilia Landini , Sébastien Leblanc , Victor Lebrin , Frederic Lefevre , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Jason Leung , Demin Li , Fei Li , Fule Li , Haitao Li , Huiling Li , Jiaqi Li , Jin Li , Kaijie Li , Mengzhao Li , Nan Li , Nan Li , Qingjiang Li , Ruhui Li , Shanfeng Li , Shuaijie Li , Tao Li , Weidong Li , Weiguo Li , Xiaomei Li , Xiaonan Li , Xinglong Li , Yi Li , Yufeng Li , Zhibing Li , Ziyuan Li , Hao Liang , Hao Liang , Jingjing Liang , Daniel Liebau , Ayut Limphirat , Sukit Limpijumnong , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Jiajie Ling , Ivano Lippi , Fang Liu , Haidong Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Hu Liu , Hui Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jinchang Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Qin Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shuangyu Liu , Shubin Liu , Shulin Liu , Xiaowei Liu , Yan Liu , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Claudio Lombardo , Kai Loo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Jingbin Lu , Junguang Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Xiaoxu Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Pengwei Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Yury Malyshkin , Fabio Mantovani , Francesco Manzali , Xin Mao , Yajun Mao , Stefano M. Mari , Filippo Marini , Sadia Marium , Cristina Martellini , Gisele Martin-Chassard , Agnese Martini , Davit Mayilyan , Axel Müller , Ints Mednieks , Yue Meng , Anselmo Meregaglia , Emanuela Meroni , David Meyhöfer , Mauro Mezzetto , Jonathan Miller , Lino Miramonti , Salvatore Monforte , Paolo Montini , Michele Montuschi , Nikolay Morozov , Waqas Muhammad , Pavithra Muralidharan , Massimiliano Nastasi , Dmitry V. Naumov , Elena Naumova , Igor Nemchenok , Feipeng Ning , Zhe Ning , Hiroshi Nunokawa , Lothar Oberauer , Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux , Alexander Olshevskiy , Domizia Orestano , Fausto Ortica , Hsiao-Ru Pan , Alessandro Paoloni , Nina Parkalian , Sergio Parmeggiano , Teerapat Payupol , Yatian Pei , Nicomede Pelliccia , Anguo Peng , Haiping Peng , Frédéric Perrot , Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean , Fabrizio Petrucci , Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico , Oliver Pilarczyk , Artyom Popov , Pascal Poussot , Wathan Pratumwan , Ezio Previtali , Fazhi Qi , Ming Qi , Sen Qian , Xiaohui Qian , Hao Qiao , Zhonghua Qin , Shoukang Qiu , Muhammad Rajput , Gioacchino Ranucci , Neill Raper , Alessandra Re , Henning Rebber , Abdel Rebii , Bin Ren , Jie Ren , Taras Rezinko , Barbara Ricci , Markus Robens , Mathieu Roche , Narongkiat Rodphai , Aldo Romani , Bedřich Roskovec , Christian Roth , Xiangdong Ruan , Xichao Ruan , Saroj Rujirawat , Arseniy Rybnikov , Andrey Sadovsky , Paolo Saggese , Giuseppe Salamanna , Simone Sanfilippo , Anut Sangka , Nuanwan Sanguansak , Utane Sawangwit , Julia Sawatzki , Fatma Sawy , Michaela Schever , Jacky Schuler , Cédric Schwab , Konstantin Schweizer , Dmitry Selivanov , Alexandr Selyunin , Andrea Serafini , Giulio Settanta , Mariangela Settimo , Zhuang Shao , Vladislav Sharov , Jingyan Shi , Vitaly Shutov , Andrey Sidorenkov , Fedor Šimkovic , Chiara Sirignano , Jaruchit Siripak , Monica Sisti , Maciej Slupecki , Mikhail Smirnov , Oleg Smirnov , Thiago Sogo-Bezerra , Julanan Songwadhana , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Albert Sotnikov , Ondrej Sramek , Warintorn Sreethawong , Achim Stahl , Luca Stanco , Konstantin Stankevich , Dušan Štefánik , Hans Steiger , Jochen Steinmann , Tobias Sterr , Matthias Raphael Stock , Virginia Strati , Alexander Studenikin , Gongxing Sun , Shifeng Sun , Xilei Sun , Yongjie Sun , Yongzhao Sun , Narumon Suwonjandee , Michal Szelezniak , Jian Tang , Qiang Tang , Quan Tang , Xiao Tang , Alexander Tietzsch , Igor Tkachev , Tomas Tmej , Konstantin Treskov , Andrea Triossi , Giancarlo Troni , Wladyslaw Trzaska , Cristina Tuve , Stefan van Waasen , Johannes van den Boom , Guillaume Vanroyen , Nikolaos Vassilopoulos , Vadim Vedin , Giuseppe Verde , Maxim Vialkov , Benoit Viaud , Cristina Volpe , Vit Vorobel , Lucia Votano , Pablo Walker , Caishen Wang , Chung-Hsiang Wang , En Wang , Guoli Wang , Jian Wang , Jun Wang , Kunyu Wang , Lu Wang , Meifen Wang , Meng Wang , Meng Wang , Ruiguang Wang , Siguang Wang , Wei Wang , Wei Wang , Wenshuai Wang , Xi Wang , Xiangyue Wang , Yangfu Wang , Yaoguang Wang , Yi Wang , Yi Wang , Yifang Wang , Yuanqing Wang , Yuman Wang , Zhe Wang , Zheng Wang , Zhimin Wang , Zongyi Wang , Apimook Watcharangkool , Lianghong Wei , Wei Wei , Yadong Wei , Liangjian Wen , Christopher Wiebusch , Steven Chan-Fai Wong , Bjoern Wonsak , Diru Wu , Fangliang Wu , Qun Wu , Wenjie Wu , Zhi Wu , Michael Wurm , Jacques Wurtz , Christian Wysotzki , Yufei Xi , Dongmei Xia , Mengjiao Xiao , Yuguang Xie , Zhangquan Xie , Zhizhong Xing , Benda Xu , Cheng Xu , Donglian Xu , Fanrong Xu , Jilei Xu , Jing Xu , Meihang Xu , Yin Xu , Yu Xu , Baojun Yan , Xiongbo Yan , Yupeng Yan , Anbo Yang , Changgen Yang , Huan Yang , Jie Yang , Lei Yang , Xiaoyu Yang , Yifan Yang , Haifeng Yao , Zafar Yasin , Jiaxuan Ye , Mei Ye , Ziping Ye , Ugur Yegin , Frédéric Yermia , Peihuai Yi , Xiangwei Yin , Zhengyun You , Boxiang Yu , Chiye Yu , Chunxu Yu , Hongzhao Yu , Miao Yu , Xianghui Yu , Zeyuan Yu , Chengzhuo Yuan , Ying Yuan , Zhenxiong Yuan , Ziyi Yuan , Baobiao Yue , Noman Zafar , Andre Zambanini , Shan Zeng , Tingxuan Zeng , Yuda Zeng , Liang Zhan , Feiyang Zhang , Guoqing Zhang , Haiqiong Zhang , Honghao Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Jie Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Peng Zhang , Qingmin Zhang , Shiqi Zhang , Shu Zhang , Tao Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Xuantong Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yinhong Zhang , Yiyu Zhang , Yongpeng Zhang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yumei Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhijian Zhang , Fengyi Zhao , Jie Zhao , Rong Zhao , Shujun Zhao , Tianchi Zhao , Dongqin Zheng , Hua Zheng , Minshan Zheng , Yangheng Zheng , Weirong Zhong , Jing Zhou , Li Zhou , Nan Zhou , Shun Zhou , Xiang Zhou , Jiang Zhu , Kejun Zhu , Honglin Zhuang , Liang Zong , Jiaheng Zou
The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator fillling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2021-04-01
JUNO Collaboration , Angel Abusleme , Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Rizwan Ahmed , Sebastiano Aiello , Muhammad Akram , Fengpeng An , Guangpeng An , Qi An , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Burin Asavapibhop , João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André , Didier Auguste , Andrej Babic , Wander Baldini , Andrea Barresi , Davide Basilico , Eric Baussan , Marco Bellato , Antonio Bergnoli , Thilo Birkenfeld , Sylvie Blin , David Blum , Simon Blyth , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Clément Bordereau , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Riccardo Bruno , Antonio Budano , Mario Buscemi , Jose Busto , Ilya Butorov , Anatael Cabrera , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Yanke Cai , Zhiyan Cai , Antonio Cammi , Agustin Campeny , Chuanya Cao , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cédric Cerna , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Pingping Chen , Po-An Chen , Shaomin Chen , Xurong Chen , Yi-Wen Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Zhang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Alexey Chetverikov , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Artem Chukanov , Gérard Claverie , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Daniele Corti , Salvatore Costa , Flavio Dal Corso , Olivia Dalager , Christophe De La Taille , Jiawei Deng , Zhi Deng , Ziyan Deng , Wilfried Depnering , Marco Diaz , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Tadeas Dohnal , Dmitry Dolzhikov , Georgy Donchenko , Jianmeng Dong , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Marcos Dracos , Frédéric Druillole , Shuxian Du , Stefano Dusini , Martin Dvorak , Timo Enqvist , Heike Enzmann , Andrea Fabbri , Lukas Fajt , Donghua Fan , Lei Fan , Can Fang , Jian Fang , Wenxing Fang , Marco Fargetta , Dmitry Fedoseev , Vladko Fekete , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Richard Ford , Andrey Formozov , Amélie Fournier , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Christoph Genster , Marco Giammarchi , Agnese Giaz , Nunzio Giudice , Maxim Gonchar , Guanghua Gong , Hui Gong , Yuri Gornushkin , Alexandre Göttel , Marco Grassi , Christian Grewing , Vasily Gromov , Minghao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Maria Gul , Cong Guo , Jingyuan Guo , Wanlei Guo , Xinheng Guo , Yuhang Guo , Paul Hackspacher , Caren Hagner , Ran Han , Yang Han , Muhammad Sohaib Hassan , Miao He , Wei He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth , Yuekun Heng , Rafael Herrera , Daojin Hong , YuenKeung Hor , Shaojing Hou , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jianrun Hu , Jun Hu , Shouyang Hu , Tao Hu , Zhuojun Hu , Chunhao Huang , Guihong Huang , Hanxiong Huang , Wenhao Huang , Xin Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Wenju Huo , Cédric Huss , Safeer Hussain , Ara Ioannisian , Roberto Isocrate , Beatrice Jelmini , Kuo-Lun Jen , Ignacio Jeria , Xiaolu Ji , Xingzhao Ji , Huihui Jia , Junji Jia , Siyu Jian , Di Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Ruyi Jin , Xiaoping Jing , Cécile Jollet , Jari Joutsenvaara , Sirichok Jungthawan , Leonidas Kalousis , Philipp Kampmann , Li Kang , Michael Karagounis , Narine Kazarian , Waseem Khan , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Andre Kruth , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Pasi Kuusiniemi , Tobias Lachenmaier , Cecilia Landini , Sébastien Leblanc , Victor Lebrin , Frederic Lefevre , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Jason Leung , Demin Li , Fei Li , Fule Li , Haitao Li , Huiling Li , Jiaqi Li , Mengzhao Li , Min Li , Nan Li , Nan Li , Qingjiang Li , Ruhui Li , Shanfeng Li , Tao Li , Weidong Li , Weiguo Li , Xiaomei Li , Xiaonan Li , Xinglong Li , Yi Li , Yufeng Li , Zhaohan Li , Zhibing Li , Ziyuan Li , Hao Liang , Hao Liang , Jingjing Liang , Jiajun Liao , Daniel Liebau , Ayut Limphirat , Sukit Limpijumnong , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Jiajie Ling , Ivano Lippi , Fang Liu , Haidong Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Hui Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jinchang Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Qin Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shuangyu Liu , Shubin Liu , Shulin Liu , Xiaowei Liu , Xiwen Liu , Yan Liu , Yunzhe Liu , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Claudio Lombardo , Kai Loo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Jingbin Lu , Junguang Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Xiaoxu Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Pengwei Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Bangzheng Ma , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Yury Malyshkin , Fabio Mantovani , Francesco Manzali , Xin Mao , Yajun Mao , Stefano M. Mari , Filippo Marini , Sadia Marium , Cristina Martellini , Gisele Martin-Chassard , Agnese Martini , Davit Mayilyan , Ints Mednieks , Yue Meng , Anselmo Meregaglia , Emanuela Meroni , David Meyhöfer , Mauro Mezzetto , Jonathan Miller , Lino Miramonti , Paolo Montini , Michele Montuschi , Axel Müller , Pavithra Muralidharan , Massimiliano Nastasi , Dmitry V. Naumov , Elena Naumova , Diana Navas-Nicolas , Igor Nemchenok , MinhThuan NguyenThi , Feipeng Ning , Zhe Ning , Hiroshi Nunokawa , Lothar Oberauer , Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux , Alexander Olshevskiy , Domizia Orestano , Fausto Ortica , Rainer Othegraven , Hsiao-Ru Pan , Alessandro Paoloni , Nina Parkalian , Sergio Parmeggiano , Yatian Pei , Nicomede Pelliccia , Anguo Peng , Haiping Peng , Frédéric Perrot , Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean , Fabrizio Petrucci , Oliver Pilarczyk , Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico , Artyom Popov , Pascal Poussot , Wathan Pratumwan , Ezio Previtali , Fazhi Qi , Ming Qi , Sen Qian , Xiaohui Qian , Zhen Qian , Hao Qiao , Zhonghua Qin , Shoukang Qiu , Muhammad Usman Rajput , Gioacchino Ranucci , Neill Raper , Alessandra Re , Henning Rebber , Abdel Rebii , Bin Ren , Jie Ren , Barbara Ricci , Markus Robens , Mathieu Roche , Narongkiat Rodphai , Aldo Romani , Bedřich Roskovec , Christian Roth , Xiangdong Ruan , Xichao Ruan , Saroj Rujirawat , Arseniy Rybnikov , Andrey Sadovsky , Paolo Saggese , Simone Sanfilippo , Anut Sangka , Nuanwan Sanguansak , Utane Sawangwit , Julia Sawatzki , Fatma Sawy , Michaela Schever , Cédric Schwab , Konstantin Schweizer , Alexandr Selyunin , Andrea Serafini , Giulio Settanta , Mariangela Settimo , Zhuang Shao , Vladislav Sharov , Arina Shaydurova , Jingyan Shi , Yanan Shi , Vitaly Shutov , Andrey Sidorenkov , Fedor Šimkovic , Chiara Sirignano , Jaruchit Siripak , Monica Sisti , Maciej Slupecki , Mikhail Smirnov , Oleg Smirnov , Thiago Sogo-Bezerra , Sergey Sokolov , Julanan Songwadhana , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Albert Sotnikov , Ondřej Šrámek , Warintorn Sreethawong , Achim Stahl , Luca Stanco , Konstantin Stankevich , Dušan Štefánik , Hans Steiger , Jochen Steinmann , Tobias Sterr , Matthias Raphael Stock , Virginia Strati , Alexander Studenikin , Gongxing Sun , Shifeng Sun , Xilei Sun , Yongjie Sun , Yongzhao Sun , Narumon Suwonjandee , Michal Szelezniak , Jian Tang , Qiang Tang , Quan Tang , Xiao Tang , Alexander Tietzsch , Igor Tkachev , Tomas Tmej , Konstantin Treskov , Andrea Triossi , Giancarlo Troni , Wladyslaw Trzaska , Cristina Tuve , Nikita Ushakov , Johannes van den Boom , Stefan van Waasen , Guillaume Vanroyen , Nikolaos Vassilopoulos , Vadim Vedin , Giuseppe Verde , Maxim Vialkov , Benoit Viaud , Cornelius Vollbrecht , Cristina Volpe , Vit Vorobel , Dmitriy Voronin , Lucia Votano , Pablo Walker , Caishen Wang , Chung-Hsiang Wang , En Wang , Guoli Wang , Jian Wang , Jun Wang , Kunyu Wang , Lu Wang , Meifen Wang , Meng Wang , Meng Wang , Ruiguang Wang , Siguang Wang , Wei Wang , Wei Wang , Wenshuai Wang , Xi Wang , Xiangyue Wang , Yangfu Wang , Yaoguang Wang , Yi Wang , Yi Wang , Yifang Wang , Yuanqing Wang , Yuman Wang , Zhe Wang , Zheng Wang , Zhimin Wang , Zongyi Wang , Muhammad Waqas , Apimook Watcharangkool , Lianghong Wei , Wei Wei , Wenlu Wei , Yadong Wei , Liangjian Wen , Christopher Wiebusch , Steven Chan-Fai Wong , Bjoern Wonsak , Diru Wu , Fangliang Wu , Qun Wu , Zhi Wu , Michael Wurm , Jacques Wurtz , Christian Wysotzki , Yufei Xi , Dongmei Xia , Yuguang Xie , Zhangquan Xie , Zhizhong Xing , Benda Xu , Cheng Xu , Donglian Xu , Fanrong Xu , Hangkun Xu , Jilei Xu , Jing Xu , Meihang Xu , Yin Xu , Yu Xu , Baojun Yan , Taylor Yan , Wenqi Yan , Xiongbo Yan , Yupeng Yan , Anbo Yang , Changgen Yang , Huan Yang , Jie Yang , Lei Yang , Xiaoyu Yang , Yifan Yang , Yifan Yang , Haifeng Yao , Zafar Yasin , Jiaxuan Ye , Mei Ye , Ziping Ye , Ugur Yegin , Frédéric Yermia , Peihuai Yi , Na Yin , Xiangwei Yin , Zhengyun You , Boxiang Yu , Chiye Yu , Chunxu Yu , Hongzhao Yu , Miao Yu , Xianghui Yu , Zeyuan Yu , Zezhong Yu , Chengzhuo Yuan , Ying Yuan , Zhenxiong Yuan , Ziyi Yuan , Baobiao Yue , Noman Zafar , Andre Zambanini , Vitalii Zavadskyi , Shan Zeng , Tingxuan Zeng , Yuda Zeng , Liang Zhan , Aiqiang Zhang , Feiyang Zhang , Guoqing Zhang , Haiqiong Zhang , Honghao Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Jie Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Jinnan Zhang , Peng Zhang , Qingmin Zhang , Shiqi Zhang , Shu Zhang , Tao Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Xuantong Zhang , Xueyao Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yinhong Zhang , Yiyu Zhang , Yongpeng Zhang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yumei Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhijian Zhang , Fengyi Zhao , Jie Zhao , Rong Zhao , Shujun Zhao , Tianchi Zhao , Dongqin Zheng , Hua Zheng , Minshan Zheng , Yangheng Zheng , Weirong Zhong , Jing Zhou , Li Zhou , Nan Zhou , Shun Zhou , Tong Zhou , Xiang Zhou , Jiang Zhu , Kangpu Zhu , Kejun Zhu , Zhihang Zhu , Bo Zhuang , Honglin Zhuang , Liang Zong , Jiaheng Zou
Dark matter detectors that utilize liquid xenon have now achieved tonne-scale targets, giving them sensitivity to all flavours of supernova neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. Considering for the first time a…
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics
2016-12-21
Rafael F. Lang , Christopher McCabe , Shayne Reichard , Marco Selvi , Irene Tamborra
White light spectral interferometry is applied to measure the refractive index in absorbing liquids in the spectral range from 400 to 1000 nm. We analyze the influence of absorption on the visibility of interferometric fringes and,…
Liquid xenon detectors such as XENON10 and XENON100 obtain a significant fraction of their sensitivity to light (<10 GeV) particle dark matter by looking for nuclear recoils of only a few keV, just above the detector threshold. Yet in this…
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a neutrino detection experiment characterized by an acrylic sphere, measuring 35.4 m in diameter, containing 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator. This sphere is encompassed by as many…
Production and Properties of the Liquid Scintillators used in the Stereo Reactor Neutrino Experiment
The electron antineutrino spectrum in the Stereo reactor experiment (ILL Grenoble) is measured via the inverse beta decay signals in an organic liquid scintillator. The six target cells of the Stereo detector are filled with about 1800…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2019-01-30
Christian Buck , Benjamin Gramlich , Manfred Lindner , Christian Roca , Stefan Schoppmann
This paper presents measurements of the scintillation light yield and time profile for a number of concentration of water-based liquid scintillator, formulated from linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO). We find that the…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2020-11-04
J. Caravaca , B. J. Land , M. Yeh , G. D. Orebi Gann
Temperature dependence of the light yield of the LAB-based and mesitylene-based liquid scintillators
We studied the temperature dependence of the light yield of the linear alkyl benzene (LAB)-based and mesitylene-based liquid scintillators. The light yield increases by 23% for both liquid scintillators when the temperature is lowered from…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2014-02-28
Xia DongMei , Yu BoXiang , Li XiaoBo , Sun XiLei , Ding YaYun , Zhou Li , Cao Jun , Hu Wei , Ye XingCheng , Chen HaiTao , Ding XueFeng , Du Bing
Liquid scintillator detectors are playing an increasingly important role in low-energy neutrino experiments. In this article, we describe a generic energy response model of liquid scintillator detectors that provides energy estimations of…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2019-02-18
Logan Lebanowski , Linyan Wan , Xiangpan Ji , Zhe Wang , Shaomin Chen
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment designed to measure the neutrino mass hierarchy using a central detector (CD), which contains 20 kton liquid scintillator (LS) surrounded by about…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2016-05-04
Tao Lin , Ziyan Deng , Weidong Li , Guofu Cao , Zhengyun You , Xinying Li
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are a leading candidate for dark matter and are expected to produce nuclear recoil (NR) events within liquid xenon time-projection chambers. We present a measurement of the scintillation timing…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2018-06-20
The LUX Collaboration , D. S. Akerib , S. Alsum , H. M. Araújo , X. Bai , A. J. Bailey , J. Balajthy , P. Beltrame , E. P. Bernard , A. Bernstein , T. P. Biesiadzinski , E. M. Boulton , P. Brás , D. Byram , M. C. Carmona-Benitez , C. Chan , A. Currie , J. E. Cutter , T. J. R. Davison , A. Dobi , E. Druszkiewicz , B. N. Edwards , S. R. Fallon , A. Fan , S. Fiorucci , R. J. Gaitskell , J. Genovesi , C. Ghag , M. G. D. Gilchriese , C. R. Hall , S. J. Haselschwardt , S. A. Hertel , D. P. Hogan , M. Horn , D. Q. Huang , C. M. Ignarra , R. G. Jacobsen , W. Ji , K. Kamdin , K. Kazkaz , D. Khaitan , R. Knoche , B. G. Lenardo , K. T. Lesko , J. Liao , A. Lindote , M. I. Lopes , A. Manalaysay , R. L. Mannino , M. F. Marzioni , D. N. McKinsey , D. M. Mei , J. Mock , M. Moongweluwan , J. A. Morad , A. St. J. Murphy , C. Nehrkorn , H. N. Nelson , F. Neves , K. O'Sullivan , K. C. Oliver-Mallory , K. J. Palladino , E. K. Pease , C. Rhyne , S. Shaw , T. A. Shutt , C. Silva , M. Solmaz , V. N. Solovov , P. Sorensen , T. J. Sumner , M. Szydagis , D. J. Taylor , W. C. Taylor , B. P. Tennyson , P. A. Terman , D. R. Tiedt , W. H. To , M. Tripathi , L. Tvrznikova , U. Utku , S. Uvarov , V. Velan , J. R. Verbus , R. C. Webb , J. T. White , T. J. Whitis , M. S. Witherell , F. L. H. Wolfs , J. Xu , K. Yazdani , S. K. Young , C. Zhang
Liquid scintillator detectors play a central role in the detection of neutrinos from various sources. In particular, it is the only technique used so far for the precision spectroscopy of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, as demonstrated by the…
High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics
2022-03-08
M. Agostini , K. Altenmüller , S. Appel , V. Atroshchenko , Z. Bagdasarian , D. Basilico , G. Bellini , J. Benziger , R. Biondi , D. Bravo , B. Caccianiga , F. Calaprice , A. Caminata , P. Cavalcante , A. Chepurnov , D. D'Angelo , S. Davini , A. Derbin , A. Di Giacinto , V. Di Marcello , X. F. Ding , A. Di Ludovico , L. Di Noto , I. Drachnev , A. Formozov , D. Franco , C. Galbiati , C. Ghiano , M. Giammarchi , A. Goretti , A. S. Göttel , M. Gromov , D. Guffanti , Aldo Ianni , Andrea Ianni , A. Jany , D. Jeschke , V. Kobychev , G. Korga , S. Kumaran , M. Laubenstein , E. Litvinovich , P. Lombardi , I. Lomskaya , L. Ludhova , G. Lukyanchenko , L. Lukyanchenko , I. Machulin , J. Martyn , E. Meroni , M. Meyer , L. Miramonti , M. Misiaszek , V. Muratova , B. Neumair , M. Nieslony , R. Nugmanov , L. Oberauer , V. Orekhov , F. Ortica , M. Pallavicini , L. Papp , L. Pellicci , Ö. Penek , L. Pietrofaccia , N. Pilipenko , A. Pocar , G. Raikov , M. T. Ranalli , G. Ranucci , A. Razeto , A. Re , M. Redchuk , A. Romani , N. Rossi , S. Schönert , D. Semenov , G. Settanta , M. Skorokhvatov , A. Singhal , O. Smirnov , A. Sotnikov , Y. Suvorov , R. Tartaglia , G. Testera , J. Thurn , E. Unzhakov , A. Vishneva , R. B. Vogelaar , F. von Feilitzsch , A. Wessel , M. Wojcik , B. Wonsak , M. Wurm , S. Zavatarelli , K. Zuber , G. Zuzel
Many experiments in particle physics, in particular in the field of neutrino searches, rely on organic liquid scintillators as target and detection material. The size of these detectors was continously growing in the last decades, up to the…
Compact neutron imagers using double-scatter kinematic reconstruction are being designed for localization and characterization of special nuclear material. These neutron imaging systems rely on scintillators with a rapid prompt temporal…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2020-09-16
T. A. Laplace , B. L. Goldblum , J. A. Brown , D. L. Bleuel , C. A. Brand , G. Gabella , T. Jordan , C. Moore , N. Munshi , Z. W. Sweger , A. Ureche , E. Brubaker
To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2020-07-02
Daya Bay , JUNO collaborations , : , A. Abusleme , T. Adam , S. Ahmad , S. Aiello , M. Akram , N. Ali , F. P. An , G. P. An , Q. An , G. Andronico , N. Anfimov , V. Antonelli , T. Antoshkina , B. Asavapibhop , J. P. A. M. de André , A. Babic , A. B. Balantekin , W. Baldini , M. Baldoncini , H. R. Band , A. Barresi , E. Baussan , M. Bellato , E. Bernieri , D. Biare , T. Birkenfeld , M. Bishai , S. Blin , D. Blum , S. Blyth , C. Bordereau , A. Brigatti , R. Brugnera , A. Budano , P. Burgbacher , M. Buscemi , S. Bussino , J. Busto , I. Butorov , A. Cabrera , H. Cai , X. Cai , Y. K. Cai , Z. Y. Cai , A. Cammi , A. Campeny , C. Y. Cao , G. F. Cao , J. Cao , R. Caruso , C. Cerna , I. Chakaberia , J. F. Chang , Y. Chang , H. S. Chen , P. A. Chen , P. P. Chen , S. M. Chen , S. J. Chen , X. R. Chen , Y. W. Chen , Y. X. Chen , Y. Chen , Z. Chen , J. Cheng , Y. P. Cheng , Z. K. Cheng , A. Chepurnov , J. J. Cherwinka , F. Chiarello , D. Chiesa , P. Chimenti , M. C. Chu , A. Chukanov , A. Chuvashova , . Clementi , B. Clerbaux , S. Conforti Di Lorenzo , D. Corti , S. Costa , F. D. Corso , J. P. Cummings , O. Dalager , C. De La Taille , F. S. Deng , J. W. Deng , Z. Deng , Z. Y. Deng , W. Depnering , M. Diaz , X. F. Ding , Y. Y. Ding , B. Dirgantara , S. Dmitrievsky , M. V. Diwan , T. Dohnal , G. Donchenko , J. M. Dong , D. Dornic , E. Doroshkevich , J. Dove , M. Dracos , F. Druillole , S. X. Du , S. Dusini , M. Dvorak , D. A. Dwyer , T. Enqvist , H. Enzmann , A. Fabbri , L. Fajt , D. H. Fan , L. Fan , C. Fang , J. Fang , A. Fatkina , D. Fedoseev , V. Fekete , L. C. Feng , Q. C. Feng , G. Fiorentini , R. Ford , A. Formozov , A. Fournier , S. Franke , J. P. Gallo , H. N. Gan , F. Gao , A. Garfagnini , A. Göttel , C. Genster , M. Giammarchi , A. Giaz , N. Giudice , F. Giuliani , M. Gonchar , G. H. Gong , H. Gong , O. Gorchakov , Y. Gornushkin , M. Grassi , C. Grewing , M. Gromov , V. Gromov , M. H. Gu , W. Q. Gu , X. F. Gu , Y. Gu , M. Y. Guan , N. Guardone , M. Gul , C. Guo , J. Y. Guo , L. Guo , W. L. Guo , X. H. Guo , Y. H. Guo , Z. Guo , M. Haacke , R. W. Hackenburg , P. Hackspacher , C. Hagner , R. Han , Y. Han , S. Hans , M. He , W. He , K. M. Heeger , T. Heinz , Y. K. Heng , R. Herrera , A. Higuera , D. J. Hong , Y. K. Hor , S. J. Hou , Y. B. Hsiung , B. Z. Hu , H. Hu , J. R. Hu , J. Hu , S. Y. Hu , T. Hu , Z. J. Hu , C. H. Huang , G. H. Huang , H. X. Huang , Q. H. Huang , W. H. Huang , X. T. Huang , Y. B. Huang , P. Huber , J. Q. Hui , L. Huo , W. J. Huo , C. Huss , S. Hussain , A. Insolia , A. Ioannisian , D. Ioannisyan , R. Isocrate , D. E. Jaffe , K. L. Jen , X. L. Ji , X. P. Ji , X. Z. Ji , H. H. Jia , J. J. Jia , S. Y. Jian , D. Jiang , X. S. Jiang , R. Y. Jin , X. P. Jing , R. A. Johnson , C. Jollet , D. Jones , J. Joutsenvaara , S. Jungthawan , L. Kalousis , P. Kampmann , L. Kang , M. Karagounis , N. Kazarian , S. H. Kettell , A. Khan , W. Khan , K. Khosonthongkee , P. Kinz , S. Kohn , D. Korablev , K. Kouzakov , M. Kramer , A. Krasnoperov , S. Krokhaleva , Z. Krumshteyn , A. Kruth , N. Kutovskiy , P. Kuusiniemi , B. Lachacinski , T. Lachenmaier , T. J. Langford , J. Lee , J. H. C. Lee , F. Lefevre , L. Lei , R. Lei , R. Leitner , J. Leung , C. Li , D. M. Li , F. Li , F. Li , H. T. Li , H. L. Li , J. Li , J. J. Li , J. Q. Li , K. J. Li , M. Z. Li , N. Li , N. Li , Q. J. Li , Q. J. Li , R. H. Li , S. C. Li , S. F. Li , S. J. Li , T. Li , T. Li , W. D. Li , W. G. Li , X. M. Li , X. N. Li , X. L. Li , X. Q. Li , Y. Li , Y. F. Li , Z. B. Li , Z. Y. Li , H. Liang , H. Liang , J. J. Liang , D. Liebau , A. Limphirat , S. Limpijumnong , C. J. Lin , G. L. Lin , S. X. Lin , T. Lin , Y. H. Lin , J. J. Ling , J. M. Link , I. Lippi , L. Littenberg , B. R. Littlejohn , F. Liu , H. Liu , H. Liu , H. B. Liu , H. D. Liu , H. J. Liu , H. T. Liu , J. C. Liu , J. L. Liu , M. Liu , Q. Liu , Q. Liu , R. X. Liu , S. Y. Liu , S. B. Liu , S. L. Liu , X. W. Liu , Y. Liu , A. Lokhov , P. Lombardi , K. Loo , S. Lorenz , C. Lu , C. Lu , H. Q. Lu , J. B. Lu , J. G. Lu , S. X. Lu , X. X. Lu , B. Lubsandorzhiev , S. Lubsandorzhiev , L. Ludhova , K. B. Luk , F. J. Luo , G. Luo , P. W. Luo , S. Luo , W. M. Luo , V. Lyashuk , Q. M. Ma , S. Ma , X. B. Ma , X. Y. Ma , Y. Q. Ma , Y. Malyshkin , F. Mantovani , Y. J. Mao , S. M. Mari , F. Marini , S. Marium , C. Marshall , C. Martellini , G. Martin-Chassard , D. A. Martinez Caicedo , A. Martini , J. Martino , D. Mayilyan , K. T. McDonald , R. D. McKeown , A. Müller , G. Meng , Y. Meng , A. Meregaglia , E. Meroni , D. Meyhöfer , M. Mezzetto , J. Miller , L. Miramonti , S. Monforte , P. Montini , M. Montuschi , N. Morozov , P. Muralidharan , J. Napolitano , M. Nastasi , D. V. Naumov , E. Naumova , I. Nemchenok , A. Nikolaev , F. P. Ning , Z. Ning , H. Nunokawa , L. Oberauer , J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux , A. Olshevskiy , F. Ortica , H. R. Pan , A. Paoloni , J. Park , N. Parkalian , S. Parmeggiano , S. Patton , T. Payupol , V. Pec , D. Pedretti , Y. T. Pei , N. Pelliccia , A. G. Peng , H. P. Peng , J. C. Peng , F. Perrot , P. A. Petitjean , L. F. Pineres Rico , A. Popov , P. Poussot , W. Pratumwan , E. Previtali , C. S. J. Pun , F. Z. Qi , M. Qi , S. Qian , X. Qian , X. H. Qian , H. Qiao , Z. H. Qin , S. K. Qiu , M. Rajput , G. Ranucci , N. Raper , A. Re , H. Rebber , A. Rebii , B. Ren , J. Ren , C. M. Reveco , T. Rezinko , B. Ricci , M. Robens , M. Roche , N. Rodphai , L. Rohwer , A. Romani , R. Rosero , B. Roskovec , C. Roth , X. C. Ruan , X. D. Ruan , S. Rujirawat , A. Rybnikov , A. Sadovsky , P. Saggese , G. Salamanna , A. Sangka , N. Sanguansak , U. Sawangwit , J. Sawatzki , F. Sawy , M. Schever , J. Schuler , C. Schwab , K. Schweizer , D. Selivanov , A. Selyunin , A. Serafini , G. Settanta , M. Settimo , M. Shahzad , G. Shi , J. Y. Shi , Y. J. Shi , V. Shutov , A. Sidorenkov , F. Simkovic , C. Sirignano , J. Siripak , M. Sisti , M. Slupecki , M. Smirnov , O. Smirnov , T. Sogo-Bezerra , J. Songwadhana , B. Soonthornthum , A. Sotnikov , O. Sramek , W. Sreethawong , A. Stahl , L. Stanco , K. Stankevich , D. Stefanik , H. Steiger , H. Steiner , J. Steinmann , M. Stender , V. Strati , A. Studenikin , G. X. Sun , L. T. Sun , J. L. Sun , S. F. Sun , X. L. Sun , Y. J. Sun , Y. Z. Sun , N. Suwonjandee , M. Szelezniak , J. Tang , Q. Tang , Q. Tang , X. Tang , A. Tietzsch , I. Tkachev , T. Tmej , K. Treskov , G. Troni , W. Trzaska , W. -H. Tse , C. E. Tull , C. Tuve , S. van Waasen , J. Vanden Boom , N. Vassilopoulos , V. Vedin , G. Verde , M. Vialkov , B. Viaud , B. Viren , C. Volpe , V. Vorobel , L. Votano , P. Walker , C. Wang , C. H. Wang , E. Wang , G. L. Wang , J. Wang , J. Wang , K. Y. Wang , L. Wang , M. F. Wang , M. Wang , M. Wang , N. Y. Wang , R. G. Wang , S. G. Wang , W. Wang , W. Wang , W. S. Wang , X. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. F. Wang , Y. G. Wang , Y. M. Wang , Y. Q. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. M. Wang , Z. Y. Wang , A. Watcharangkool , H. Y. Wei , L. H. Wei , W. Wei , Y. D. Wei , L. J. Wen , K. Whisnant , C. G. White , C. Wiebusch , S. C. F. Wong , H. L. H. Wong , B. Wonsak , E. Worcester , C. H. Wu , D. R. Wu , F. L. Wu , Q. Wu , W. J. Wu , Z. Wu , M. Wurm , J. Wurtz , C. Wysotzki , Y. F. Xi , D. M. Xia , Y. G. Xie , Z. Q. Xie , Z. Z. Xing , D. L. Xu , F. R. Xu , H. K. Xu , J. L. Xu , J. Xu , M. H. Xu , T. Xu , Y. Xu , Y. Xu , T. Xue , B. J. Yan , X. B. Yan , Y. P. Yan , A. B. Yang , C. G. Yang , H. Yang , J. Yang , L. Yang , X. Y. Yang , Y. F. Yang , Y. Z. Yang , H. F. Yao , Z. Yasin , J. X. Ye , M. Ye , U. Yegin , M. Yeh , F. Yermia , P. H. Yi , Z. Y. You , B. L. Young , B. X. Yu , C. X. Yu , C. Y. Yu , H. Z. Yu , M. Yu , X. H. Yu , Z. Y. Yu , C. Z. Yuan , Y. Yuan , Z. X. Yuan , Z. Y. Yuan , B. B. Yue , N. Zafar , A. Zambanini , P. Zeng , S. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , Y. D. Zeng , L. Zhan , C. Zhang , F. Y. Zhang , G. Q. Zhang , H. H. Zhang , H. Q. Zhang , J. Zhang , J. B. Zhang , J. W. Zhang , P. Zhang , Q. M. Zhang , T. Zhang , X. M. Zhang , X. T. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. H. Zhang , Y. M. Zhang , Y. P. Zhang , Y. X. Zhang , Y. Y. Zhang , Y. Y. Zhang , Z. J. Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , Z. Y. Zhang , Z. Y. Zhang , F. Y. Zhao , J. Zhao , R. Zhao , S. J. Zhao , T. C. Zhao , D. Q. Zheng , H. Zheng , M. S. Zheng , Y. H. Zheng , W. R. Zhong , J. Zhou , L. Zhou , N. Zhou , S. Zhou , X. Zhou , J. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , H. L. Zhuang , L. Zong , J. H. Zou
The measurement of the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ opens a gateway for the next generation experiments to measure the neutrino mass hierarchy and the leptonic CP-violating phase. Future reactor experiments will focus on mass…
We report on ellipsometric measurements of the refractive indices of LAB-PPO, Nd-doped LAB-PPO and EJ-301 scintillators to the nearest +/-0.005, in the wavelength range 210-1000 nm.
Large-scale detectors consisting of a liquid scintillator target surrounded by an array of photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used in the modern neutrino experiments: Borexino, KamLAND, Daya Bay, Double Chooz, RENO, and the upcoming…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2022-11-15
Arsenii Gavrikov , Yury Malyshkin , Fedor Ratnikov
We show that dark matter with a per-nucleon scattering cross section $\gtrsim 10^{-28}~{\rm cm^2}$ could be discovered by liquid scintillator neutrino detectors like BOREXINO, SNO+, and JUNO. Due to the large dark matter fluxes admitted,…
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics
2019-04-24
Joseph Bramante , Benjamin Broerman , Jason Kumar , Rafael F. Lang , Maxim Pospelov , Nirmal Raj