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Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting with large language models has proven effective in numerous natural language processing tasks, but designing prompts that generalize well to diverse problem types can be challenging, especially in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Zhanming Jie , Wei Lu

Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models (EMLLMs) can improve performance through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but they have poor self-evaluation capabilities during the CoT reasoning process. This is due to their tendency to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zheqi Lv , Wenkai Wang , Jiawei Wang , Shengyu Zhang , Fei Wu

Reasoning is increasingly crucial for various tasks. While chain-of-thought prompting enables large language models to leverage reasoning effectively, harnessing the reasoning capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Guande Wu , Huan Song , Yawei Wang , Qiaojing Yan , Yijun Tian , Lin Lee Cheong , Panpan Xu

Deploying accurate Text-to-SQL systems at the enterprise level faces a difficult trilemma involving cost, security and performance. Current solutions force enterprises to choose between expensive, proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Khushboo Thaker , Yony Bresler

Chain of Thought (CoT) is significant in improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the correlation between the effectiveness of CoT and the length of reasoning steps in prompts remains largely unknown. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Mingyu Jin , Qinkai Yu , Dong Shu , Haiyan Zhao , Wenyue Hua , Yanda Meng , Yongfeng Zhang , Mengnan Du

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a powerful approach to enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing implementations, such as in-context learning and fine-tuning, remain costly and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Li Li , Ziyi Wang , Yongliang Wu , Jianfei Cai , Xu Yang

Large language models (LLMs) equipped with chain-of-thought (CoT) achieve strong performance and offer a window into LLM behavior. However, recent evidence suggests that improvements in CoT capabilities often come with redundant reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Yibo Gao , Danyang Zhao , Qika Lin , Ming Ma , Jiayun Li , Yi Jiang , Kai He , Qianyi Xu , Bing Qin , Mengling Feng

Large language models (LLMs) often solve a task when all instructions are given in a single prompt, but fail when the same information is revealed gradually across turns. When a clean FULL prompt and a RAW-SHARDED conversation contain the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zizhuo Lin , Quanling Liu , Jinsheng Quan , Chao Zhang , Yifan Zhu , Xing Shi , Jingtao Xu , Zhihui Li , Yawei Luo

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) significantly enhances formal reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by training them to explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps. While LLMs readily benefit from such techniques, improving…

Recently, efficient Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained significant attention as a solution to their high computational complexity, making them more practical for real-world applications. In this regard, the knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiwan Kim , Kibum Kim , Sangwoo Seo , Chanyoung Park

Language models rely on semantic priors to perform in-context learning, which leads to poor performance on tasks involving inductive reasoning. Instruction-tuning methods based on imitation learning can superficially enhance the in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Nafis Sadeq , Xin Xu , Zhouhang Xie , Julian McAuley , Byungkyu Kang , Prarit Lamba , Xiang Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated exceptional performance in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. They have also shown the ability to perform chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning to solve complex problems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Lei Wang , Yi Hu , Jiabang He , Xing Xu , Ning Liu , Hui Liu , Heng Tao Shen

A long-standing goal of AI systems is to perform complex multimodal reasoning like humans. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in such multi-step reasoning on the language modality solely by leveraging the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ge Zheng , Bin Yang , Jiajin Tang , Hong-Yu Zhou , Sibei Yang

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have garnered significant research interest. Despite being built upon text-based large language models (LLMs), LALMs frequently exhibit a degradation in knowledge and reasoning capabilities. We…

Prompting-based large language models (LLMs) are surprisingly powerful at generating natural language reasoning steps or Chains-of-Thoughts (CoT) for multi-step question answering (QA). They struggle, however, when the necessary knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Harsh Trivedi , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in solving mathematical problems, with code-based solutions proving particularly effective. However, the best practice to leverage coding instruction data to enhance mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Chengwei Wei , Bin Wang , Jung-jae Kim , Guimei Liu , Nancy F. Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at multi-step reasoning problems with explicit chain-of-thought (CoT), but verbose traces incur significant computational costs and memory overhead, and often carry redundant, stylistic artifacts. Latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Anna Kuzina , Maciej Pioro , Paul N. Whatmough , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi

We study how to extend chain-of-thought (CoT) beyond language to better handle multimodal reasoning. While CoT helps LLMs and VLMs articulate intermediate steps, its text-only form often fails on vision-intensive problems where key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yifei Shao , Kun Zhou , Ziming Xu , Mohammad Atif Quamar , Shibo Hao , Zhen Wang , Zhiting Hu , Biwei Huang

Chain-of-Thought reasoning can enhance large language models, but it requires manually designed prompts to guide the model. Recently proposed CoT-decoding enables the model to generate CoT-style reasoning paths without prompts, but it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Guanran Luo , Wentao Qiu , Zhongquan Jian , Meihong Wang , Qingqiang Wu

Large-scale self-supervised pre-trained speech encoders outperform conventional approaches in speech recognition and translation tasks. Due to the high cost of developing these large models, building new encoders for new tasks and deploying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Heng-Jui Chang , Ning Dong , Ruslan Mavlyutov , Sravya Popuri , Yu-An Chung
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