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In recent years, reinforcement learning and imitation learning have shown great potential for controlling humanoid robots' motion. However, these methods typically create simulation environments and rewards for specific tasks, resulting in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Jingkai Sun , Qiang Zhang , Yiqun Duan , Xiaoyang Jiang , Chong Cheng , Renjing Xu

Embodied scene understanding serves as the cornerstone for autonomous agents to perceive, interpret, and respond to open driving scenarios. Such understanding is typically founded upon Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Nevertheless, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Yunsong Zhou , Linyan Huang , Qingwen Bu , Jia Zeng , Tianyu Li , Hang Qiu , Hongzi Zhu , Minyi Guo , Yu Qiao , Hongyang Li

Although multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, their instruction-following behavior leaves them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. Existing prompt injection methods predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Meiwen Ding , Song Xia , Chenqi Kong , Xudong Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in the hierarchical decomposition of complex tasks through semantic reasoning. However, their application in embodied systems faces challenges in ensuring reliable execution of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mingcong Lei , Ge Wang , Yiming Zhao , Zhixin Mai , Qing Zhao , Yao Guo , Zhen Li , Shuguang Cui , Yatong Han , Jinke Ren

Recent works have shown how the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be applied to domains beyond natural language processing, such as planning and interaction for robots. These embodied problems require an agent to…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made reasoning a central benchmark for evaluating intelligence. While prior surveys focus on efficiency by examining how to shorten reasoning chains or reduce computation, this view…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chao Wu , Baoheng Li , Mingchen Gao , Yu Tian , Zhenyi Wang

Current approaches to embodied AI tend to learn policies from expert demonstrations. However, without a mechanism to evaluate the quality of demonstrated actions, they are limited to learning from optimal behaviour, or they risk replicating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sabrina McCallum , Amit Parekh , Alessandro Suglia

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has marked significant achievements in language processing and reasoning capabilities. Despite their advancements, LLMs face vulnerabilities to data poisoning attacks, where the adversary inserts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xiangyu Zhou , Yao Qiang , Saleh Zare Zade , Mohammad Amin Roshani , Prashant Khanduri , Douglas Zytko , Dongxiao Zhu

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous driving systems demonstrates strong common sense and reasoning abilities, effectively addressing the pitfalls of purely data-driven methods. Current LLM-based agents require…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Sihao Wu , Jiaxu Liu , Xiangyu Yin , Guangliang Cheng , Xingyu Zhao , Meng Fang , Xinping Yi , Xiaowei Huang

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has marked a significant breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence (AI), ushering in a new era of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI). HAI aims to better serve human welfare and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Wenbin Ding , Jun Chen , Mingjia Chen , Fei Xie , Qi Mao , Philip Dames

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed the rise of autonomous AI agents capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting in dynamic, open-ended environments. These large-model agents mark a paradigm shift from static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hang Su , Jun Luo , Chang Liu , Xiao Yang , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Jun Zhu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) integrate information from multiple modalities such as text, images, audio, and video, enabling complex capabilities such as visual question answering and audio translation. While powerful, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Bhavuk Jain , Sercan Ö. Arık , Hardeo K. Thakur

Enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with efficiency and scalability remains a fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence research. This paper presents a rigorous experimental investigation into how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yunjie Ji , Sitong Zhao , Xiaoyu Tian , Haotian Wang , Shuaiting Chen , Yiping Peng , Han Zhao , Xiangang Li

The rapid adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) agents and multi-agent systems enables remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and generation. However, these systems introduce security vulnerabilities that extend beyond…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Matteo Lupinacci , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Francesco Blefari , Francesco Romeo , Luigi Arena , Angelo Furfaro

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced critical security challenges, where adversarial actors can manipulate input prompts to cause significant harm and circumvent safety alignments. These prompt-based attacks…

Edge Intelligence (EI) has been instrumental in delivering real-time, localized services by leveraging the computational capabilities of edge networks. The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) empowers EI to evolve into the next…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Handi Chen , Weipeng Deng , Shuo Yang , Jinfeng Xu , Zhihan Jiang , Edith C. H. Ngai , Jiangchuan Liu , Xue Liu

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various applications by providing advanced natural language processing capabilities. However, this innovation introduces new cybersecurity challenges. This paper explores the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Stephen Burabari Tete

With the integration of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) into robotic systems and AI applications, embedding emotional intelligence (EI) capabilities is essential for enabling these models to perceive, interpret, and respond to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 He Hu , Lianzhong You , Hongbo Xu , Qianning Wang , Fei Richard Yu , Fei Ma , Zebang Cheng , Zheng Lian , Yucheng Zhou , Laizhong Cui

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as educational agents for automatic short answer grading (ASAG) in real-world educational environments, significantly boosting assessment efficiency and scalability. However, when these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Xueyi Li , Zhuoneng Zhou , Zitao Liu , Yongdong Wu