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Dynamically scheduled hardware enables high-level synthesis (HLS) for applications with irregular control flow and latencies, which perform poorly with conventional statically scheduled approaches. Since dynamically scheduled hardware is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-19 David Metz , Nico Reissmann , Magnus Själander

High-level synthesis (HLS) is a process that automatically translates a software program in a high-level language into a low-level hardware description. However, the hardware designs produced by HLS tools still suffer from a significant…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Jianyi Cheng , Samuel Coward , Lorenzo Chelini , Rafael Barbalho , Theo Drane

The design flow of processors, particularly in hardware description languages (HDL) like Verilog and Chisel, is complex and costly. While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved coding tasks in software…

Recent work has shown that Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) play an important role in the acceleration of Machine Learning applications. Initial specification of machine learning applications are often done using a high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Daniel H. Noronha , Bahar Salehpour , Steven J. E. Wilton

In recent years the computing landscape has seen an in- creasing shift towards specialized accelerators. Field pro- grammable gate arrays (FPGAs) are particularly promising as they offer significant performance and energy improvements…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Raghu Prabhakar , David Koeplinger , Kevin Brown , HyoukJoong Lee , Christopher De Sa , Christos Kozyrakis , Kunle Olukotun

The rise of large language models has sparked interest in AI-driven hardware design, raising the question: does high-level synthesis (HLS) still matter in the agentic era? We argue that HLS remains essential. While we expect mature agentic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Niansong Zhang , Sunwoo Kim , Shreesha Srinath , Zhiru Zhang

High-level synthesis (HLS) has freed the computer architects from developing their designs in a very low-level language and needing to exactly specify how the data should be transferred in register-level. With the help of HLS, the hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Yunsheng Bai , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

High-level synthesis (HLS) aims at democratizing custom hardware acceleration with highly abstracted software-like descriptions. However, efficient accelerators still require substantial low-level hardware optimizations, defeating the HLS…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Giovanni Brignone , Roberto Bosio , Fabrizio Ottati , Claudio Sansoè , Luciano Lavagno

High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools offer rapid hardware design from C code, but their compatibility is limited by code constructs. This paper investigates Large Language Models (LLMs) for refactoring C code into HLS-compatible formats. We…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Luca Collini , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

With Large Language Models (LLMs) recently demonstrating impressive proficiency in code generation, it is promising to extend their abilities to Hardware Description Language (HDL). However, LLMs tend to generate single HDL code blocks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jinwei Tang , Jiayin Qin , Kiran Thorat , Chen Zhu-Tian , Yu Cao , Yang , Zhao , Caiwen Ding

We present a new high-level synthesis methodology for using large language model tools to generate hardware designs. The methodology uses exclusively open-source tools excluding the large language model. As a case study, we use our…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 James T. Meech

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) compiles algorithmic C/C++ descriptions into hardware, with Quality of Results (QoR) -- latency and resource utilization -- critically governed by pragma configurations and code structure. Existing LLM-based HLS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qingyun Zou , Feng Yu , Hongshi Tan , Yao Chen , Bingsheng He , WengFai Wong

Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) continue to grow in size and currently contain several millions of gates. At the same time, research effort is going into higher-level hardware synthesis methodologies for reconfigurable computing that can…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Issam Damaj

Modern Hardware Description Languages (HDLs) such as SystemVerilog or VHDL are, due to their sheer complexity, insufficient to transport designs through modern circuit design flows. Instead, each design automation tool lowers HDLs to its…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Fabian Schuiki , Andreas Kurth , Tobias Grosser , Luca Benini

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have the potential to accelerate specific HPC codes. However even with the advent of High Level Synthesis (HLS), which enables FPGA programmers to write code in C or C++, programming such devices still…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Nick Brown

Heuristic design upholds modern electronic design automation (EDA) tools, yet crafting effective placement, routing, and scheduling strategies entails substantial expertise. We study how large language models (LLMs) can systematically…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shiva Ahir , Alex Doboli

We present a High-Level Python-based Hardware Description Language (HDPython), It uses Python as its source language and converts it to standard VHDL. Compared to other approaches of building converters from a high-level programming…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-01-30 R. Peschke , K. Nishimura , G. Varner

FPGA accelerators designed for graph processing are gaining popularity. Domain Specific Language (DSL) frameworks for graph processing can reduce the programming complexity and development cost of algorithm design. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Jing Wang , Jinyang Guo , Chao Li

Large language models (LLMs) are playing an increasingly large role in domains such as code generation, including hardware code generation, where Verilog is the key language. However, the amount of publicly available Verilog code pales in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Charles Hong , Brendan Roberts , Huijae An , Alex Um , Advay Ratan , Yakun Sophia Shao

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) frameworks allow to easily specify a large number of variants of the same hardware design by only acting on optimization directives. Nonetheless, the hardware synthesis of implementations for all possible…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Lorenzo Ferretti , Jihye Kwon , Giovanni Ansaloni , Giuseppe Di Guglielmo , Luca Carloni , Laura Pozzi