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Given n experiment subjects with potentially heterogeneous covariates and two possible treatments, namely active treatment and control, this paper addresses the fundamental question of determining the optimal accuracy in estimating the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-13 Jiachun Li , David Simchi-Levi , Yunxiao Zhao

This article proposes doubly robust estimators for the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) in difference-in-differences (DID) research designs. In contrast to alternative DID estimators, the proposed estimators are consistent if…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-05-07 Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna , Jun B. Zhao

We examine study designs for extending (generalizing or transporting) causal inferences from a randomized trial to a target population. Specifically, we consider nested trial designs, where randomized individuals are nested within a sample…

The landscape of dose-finding designs for phase I clinical trials is rapidly shifting in the recent years, noticeably marked by the emergence of interval-based designs. We categorize them as the iDesigns and the IB-Designs. The iDesigns are…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-15 Yuan Ji , Shengjie Yang

The primary goal of dose allocation in phase I trials is to minimize patient exposure to subtherapeutic or excessively toxic doses, while accurately recommending a phase II dose that is as close as possible to the maximum tolerated dose…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-21 Jiapeng Xu , Dehua Bi , Shenghua Kelly Fan , Bee Leng Lee , Ying Lu

Bayesian Optimal Experimental Design (BOED) provides a rigorous framework for decision-making tasks in which data acquisition is often the critical bottleneck, especially in resource-constrained settings. Traditionally, BOED typically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-24 Di Wu , Ling Liang , Haizhao Yang

Estimating the effect of treatments from natural experiments, where treatments are pre-assigned, is an important and well-studied problem. We introduce a novel natural experiment dataset obtained from an early childhood literacy nonprofit.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-10 R. Teal Witter , Christopher Musco

Experimental design has emerged as a powerful approach for improving the sample efficiency of A/B testing, yet existing designs rely critically on correctly specified models. We study robust sequential experimental design under model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Qianglin Wen , Xiangkun Wu , Chengchun Shi , Ting Li , Niansheng Tang , Yingying Zhang , Hongtu Zhu

The boundary discontinuity (BD) design is a non-experimental method for identifying causal effects that exploits a thresholding rule based on a bivariate score and a boundary curve. This widely used method generalizes the univariate…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-16 Matias D. Cattaneo , Rocio Titiunik , Ruiqi Rae Yu

In clinical trials, there is potential to improve precision and reduce the required sample size by appropriately adjusting for baseline variables in the statistical analysis. This is called covariate adjustment. Despite recommendations by…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-20 Kelly Van Lancker , Joshua Betz , Michael Rosenblum

Bayesian optimal experimental design (BOED) is a principled framework for making efficient use of limited experimental resources. Unfortunately, its applicability is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining accurate estimates of the expected…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-15 Adam Foster , Martin Jankowiak , Eli Bingham , Paul Horsfall , Yee Whye Teh , Tom Rainforth , Noah Goodman

Estimating causal effects under interference is pertinent to many real-world settings. Recent work with low-order potential outcomes models uses a rollout design to obtain unbiased estimators that require no interference network…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-12 Mayleen Cortez-Rodriguez , Matthew Eichhorn , Christina Lee Yu

e consider the experimental design problem in an online environment, an important practical task for reducing the variance of estimates in randomized experiments which allows for greater precision, and in turn, improved decision making. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-07 David Arbour , Drew Dimmery , Tung Mai , Anup Rao

Adaptive approaches, allowing for more flexible trial design, have been proposed for individually randomized trials to save time or reduce sample size. However, adaptive designs for cluster-randomized trials in which groups of participants…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-10 Junwei Shen , Shirin Golchi , Erica E. M. Moodie , David Benrimoh

Crossover designs randomly assign each unit to receive a sequence of treatments. By comparing outcomes within the same unit, these designs can effectively eliminate between-unit variation and facilitate the identification of both…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-21 Zhichao Jiang , Peng Ding

We give explicit constructions for incomplete pairwise balanced designs IPBD$((v;w),K)$, or, equivalently, edge-decompositions of a difference of two cliques $K_v \setminus K_w$ into cliques whose sizes belong to the set $K$. Our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-24 Peter J. Dukes , Esther R. Lamken

Symbolic regression that aims to detect underlying data-driven models has become increasingly important for industrial data analysis. For most existing algorithms such as genetic programming (GP), the convergence speed might be too slow for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-31 Chen Chen , Changtong Luo , Zonglin Jiang

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, three theoretical principles are formalized: randomization, overrepresentation and restriction. We develop these principles and give a rationale for their use in choosing the sampling design in a…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-12-16 Yves Tillé , Matthieu Wilhelm

Adaptive experiments are used extensively in online platforms, healthcare and biotechnology, and a variety of other settings. In many of these applications, the main goal is not to precisely estimate a treatment effect, but to demonstrate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Guido Imbens , Lorenzo Masoero , Alexander Rakhlin , Thomas S. Richardson , Suhas Vijaykumar

In observational studies, weighting methods that directly optimize the balance between treatment and covariates have received much attention lately; however these have mainly focused on binary treatments. Inspired by domain adaptation, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-27 Guillaume Martinet