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One of the main challenges of federated learning (FL) is handling non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) client data, which may occur in practice due to unbalanced datasets and use of different data sources across clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Peng Wu , Tales Imbiriba , Pau Closas

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in the field of distributed machine learning, enabling multiple clients such as mobile devices, edge nodes, or organizations to collaboratively train a shared global model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ratun Rahman

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model building among a large number of participants without the need for explicit data sharing. But this approach shows vulnerabilities when privacy inference attacks are applied to it. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Pretom Roy Ovi , Emon Dey , Nirmalya Roy , Aryya Gangopadhyay

Federated learning (FL) is a common and practical framework for learning a machine model in a decentralized fashion. A primary motivation behind this decentralized approach is data privacy, ensuring that the learner never sees the data of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Yeojoon Youn , Zihao Hu , Juba Ziani , Jacob Abernethy

Federated Learning (FL) has become increasingly popular to perform data-driven analysis in cyber-physical critical infrastructures. Since the FL process may involve the client's confidential information, Differential Privacy (DP) has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Md Tamjid Hossain , Shahriar Badsha , Hung La , Haoting Shen , Shafkat Islam , Ibrahim Khalil , Xun Yi

Providing privacy protection has been one of the primary motivations of Federated Learning (FL). Recently, there has been a line of work on incorporating the formal privacy notion of differential privacy with FL. To guarantee the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Xinwei Zhang , Xiangyi Chen , Mingyi Hong , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Jinfeng Yi

Deep neural networks have strong capabilities of memorizing the underlying training data, which can be a serious privacy concern. An effective solution to this problem is to train models with differential privacy, which provides rigorous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Ergute Bao , Yizheng Zhu , Xiaokui Xiao , Yin Yang , Beng Chin Ooi , Benjamin Hong Meng Tan , Khin Mi Mi Aung

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed learning across multiple clients without sharing raw data. When statistical heterogeneity across clients is severe, Clustered Federated Learning (CFL) can improve performance by grouping similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sota Sugawara , Yuji Kawamata , Akihiro Toyoda , Tomoru Nakayama , Yukihiko Okada

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, making it a promising approach for privacy-preserving machine learning. However, ensuring differential privacy (DP) in FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Kanishka Ranaweera , David Smith , Pubudu N. Pathirana , Ming Ding , Thierry Rakotoarivelo , Aruna Seneviratne

Quantum federated learning (QFL) enables collaborative training of quantum machine learning (QML) models across distributed quantum devices without raw data exchange. However, QFL remains vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where shared QML…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Atit Pokharel , Ratun Rahman , Shaba Shaon , Thomas Morris , Dinh C. Nguyen

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed learning paradigm that enables clients to jointly train a global model. In real-world FL implementations, client data could have label noise, and different clients could have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Jingyi Xu , Zihan Chen , Tony Q. S. Quek , Kai Fong Ernest Chong

As a promising paradigm federated Learning (FL) is widely used in privacy-preserving machine learning, which allows distributed devices to collaboratively train a model while avoiding data transmission among clients. Despite its immense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Jinglong Shen , Xiucheng Wang , Nan Cheng , Longfei Ma , Conghao Zhou , Yuan Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) is one of the hot research topics, and it utilizes Machine Learning (ML) in a distributed manner without directly accessing private data on clients. However, FL faces many challenges, including the difficulty to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Shadha Tabatabai , Ihab Mohammed , Basheer Qolomany , Abdullatif Albasser , Kashif Ahmad , Mohamed Abdallah , Ala Al-Fuqaha

The pervasive adoption of Internet-connected digital services has led to a growing concern in the personal data privacy of their customers. On the other hand, machine learning (ML) techniques have been widely adopted by digital service…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Jiale Guo , Ziyao Liu , Kwok-Yan Lam , Jun Zhao , Yiqiang Chen , Chaoping Xing

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning approach that allows multiple clients to collaboratively learn a shared model without sharing raw data. However, current FL systems provide an all-in-one solution, which can hinder the wide…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Muhammad Jahanzeb Khan , Rui Hu , Mohammad Sadoghi , Dongfang Zhao

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without direct data sharing, yet it remains vulnerable to privacy attacks such as model inversion and membership inference. Existing differential privacy (DP) solutions for FL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yunbo Li , Jiaping Gui , Fanchao Meng , Yue Wu

Federated Learning (FL) presents an innovative approach to privacy-preserving distributed machine learning and enables efficient crowd intelligence on a large scale. However, a significant challenge arises when coordinating FL with crowd…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yuhao Zhou , Minjia Shi , Yuxin Tian , Yuanxi Li , Qing Ye , Jiancheng Lv

In Federated Learning (FL), multiple clients collaborate to learn a shared model through a central server while keeping data decentralized. Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) further extends FL by learning a personalized model per…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Ohad Amosy , Gal Eyal , Gal Chechik

Federated learning (FL) enables collaboratively training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, there are three types of heterogeneities in FL setting bringing about distinctive challenges to the canonical federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Tao Shen , Jie Zhang , Xinkang Jia , Fengda Zhang , Gang Huang , Pan Zhou , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Chao Wu

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm where many local nodes collaboratively train a central model while keeping the training data decentralized. This is particularly relevant for clinical applications since patient data…

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