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In this paper, we propose a novel configurable framework to automatically generate distractive choices for open-domain cloze-style multiple-choice questions, which incorporates a general-purpose knowledge base to effectively create a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Siyu Ren , Kenny Q. Zhu

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are widely used in digital learning systems, as they allow for automating the assessment process. However, due to the increased digital literacy of students and the advent of social media platforms, MCQ…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Semere Kiros Bitew , Amir Hadifar , Lucas Sterckx , Johannes Deleu , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

We present a generative method called CQG for constructing cloze questions from a given article using neural networks and WordNet, with an emphasis on generating multigram distractors. Built on sense disambiguation, text-to-text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yicheng Sun , Jie Wang

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are ubiquitous in almost all levels of education since they are easy to administer, grade, and are a reliable form of assessment. An important aspect of MCQs is the distractors, i.e., incorrect options that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Hunter McNichols , Wanyong Feng , Jaewook Lee , Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Multiple-choice tests are a common approach for assessing candidates' comprehension skills. Standard multiple-choice reading comprehension exams require candidates to select the correct answer option from a discrete set based on a question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Vatsal Raina , Adian Liusie , Mark Gales

Vocabulary acquisition is essential to second language learning, as it underpins all core language skills. Accurate vocabulary assessment is particularly important in standardized exams, where test items evaluate learners' comprehension and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Yu-Cheng Liu , An-Zi Yen

Modeling plausible student misconceptions is critical for AI in education. In this work, we examine how large language models (LLMs) reason about misconceptions when generating multiple-choice distractors, a task that requires modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yanick Zengaffinen , Andreas Opedal , Donya Rooein , Kv Aditya Srivatsa , Shashank Sonkar , Mrinmaya Sachan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various educational tasks, yet their alignment with human learning patterns, particularly in predicting which incorrect options students are most likely to select in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Naiming Liu , Shashank Sonkar , Richard G. Baraniuk

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to specialized domains without human-annotated data is a crucial yet formidable challenge. Widely adopted knowledge distillation methods often devolve into coarse-grained mimicry, where the student…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yongqi Wang , Xiaofeng Ji , Jie Wang , Qingbin Li , Xiao Xiong , Zheming Yang , Jian Xu , Minghui Qiu , Xinxiao Wu

We investigate the difficulty levels of questions in reading comprehension datasets such as SQuAD, and propose a new question generation setting, named Difficulty-controllable Question Generation (DQG). Taking as input a sentence in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Yifan Gao , Lidong Bing , Wang Chen , Michael R. Lyu , Irwin King

Chinese grammatical error correction (CGEC) aims to detect and correct errors in the input Chinese sentences. Recently, Pre-trained Language Models (PLMS) have been employed to improve the performance. However, current approaches ignore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ding Zhang , Yangning Li , Lichen Bai , Hao Zhang , Yinghui Li , Haiye Lin , Hai-Tao Zheng , Xin Su , Zifei Shan

In reading comprehension, generating sentence-level distractors is a significant task, which requires a deep understanding of the article and question. The traditional entity-centered methods can only generate word-level or phrase-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Xiaorui Zhou , Senlin Luo , Yunfang Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique that enhances the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge sources. This method addresses common LLM limitations, including outdated information and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yuanjie Lyu , Zhiyu Li , Simin Niu , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Wenjin Wang , Hao Wu , Huanyong Liu , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success across a wide range of natural language generation tasks, where proper prompt designs make great impacts. While existing prompting methods are normally restricted to providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Bei Li , Rui Wang , Junliang Guo , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Hany Hassan , Arul Menezes , Tong Xiao , Jiang Bian , JingBo Zhu

Question Generation (QG) receives increasing research attention in NLP community. One motivation for QG is that QG significantly facilitates the preparation of educational reading practice and assessments. While the significant advancement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ying-Hong Chan , Ho-Lam Chung , Yao-Chung Fan

Evaluating generative models with open-ended generation is challenging due to inconsistencies in response formats. Multiple-choice (MC) evaluation mitigates this issue, but generating high-quality distractors is time-consuming and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Grace Byun , Jinho D. Choi

This paper introduces DuReader, a new large-scale, open-domain Chinese ma- chine reading comprehension (MRC) dataset, designed to address real-world MRC. DuReader has three advantages over previous MRC datasets: (1) data sources: questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Wei He , Kai Liu , Jing Liu , Yajuan Lyu , Shiqi Zhao , Xinyan Xiao , Yuan Liu , Yizhong Wang , Hua Wu , Qiaoqiao She , Xuan Liu , Tian Wu , Haifeng Wang

Mathematical reasoning serves as a crucial testbed for the intelligence of large language models (LLMs), and math word problems (MWPs) are a popular type of math problems. Most MWP datasets consist of problems containing only the necessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Kaiqi Yang , Hang Li , Yucheng Chu , Zitao Liu , Mi Tian , Hui Liu

Personalized image generation has emerged as a promising direction in multimodal content creation. It aims to synthesize images tailored to individual style preferences (e.g., color schemes, character appearances, layout) and semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yiyan Xu , Wuqiang Zheng , Wenjie Wang , Fengbin Zhu , Xinting Hu , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua

This paper presents a novel approach to automatic generation of adequate distractors for a given question-answer pair (QAP) generated from a given article to form an adequate multiple-choice question (MCQ). Our method is a combination of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Cheng Zhang , Yicheng Sun , Hejia Chen , Jie Wang