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In offline model-based reinforcement learning (offline MBRL), we learn a dynamic model from historically collected data, and subsequently utilize the learned model and fixed datasets for policy learning, without further interacting with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Shentao Yang , Shujian Zhang , Yihao Feng , Mingyuan Zhou

Continuous time systems are often modeled using discrete time dynamics but this requires a small simulation step to maintain accuracy. In turn, this requires a large planning horizon which leads to computationally demanding planning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Palash Chatterjee , Roni Khardon

Effective planning in model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) and model-predictive control (MPC) relies on the accuracy of the learned dynamics model. In many instances of MBRL and MPC, this model is assumed to be stationary and is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yizhou Huang , Kevin Xie , Homanga Bharadhwaj , Florian Shkurti

Model-Free Reinforcement Learning has achieved meaningful results in stable environments but, to this day, it remains problematic in regime changing environments like financial markets. In contrast, model-based RL is able to capture some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Serge Tabachnik , Sui Kai Wong , François Chareyron

Training sophisticated agents for optimal decision-making under uncertainty has been key to the rapid development of modern autonomous systems across fields. Notably, model-free reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled decision-making agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Thomas Banker , Ali Mesbah

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers a powerful paradigm for data-driven control. Compared to model-free approaches, offline model-based RL (MBRL) explicitly learns a world model from a static dataset and uses it as a surrogate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiayu Chen , Le Xu , Aravind Venugopal , Jeff Schneider

In real-world tasks, reinforcement learning (RL) agents frequently encounter situations that are not present during training time. To ensure reliable performance, the RL agents need to exhibit robustness against worst-case situations. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Sebastian Curi , Ilija Bogunovic , Andreas Krause

The successful operation of mobile robots requires them to adapt rapidly to environmental changes. To develop an adaptive decision-making tool for mobile robots, we propose a novel algorithm that combines meta-reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Jaeuk Shin , Astghik Hakobyan , Mingyu Park , Yeoneung Kim , Gihun Kim , Insoon Yang

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) agents typically learn world models by minimizing predictive loss. However, powerful RL optimizers inevitably exploit minor model inaccuracies, leading to simulator exploitation and a reality gap…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Christoph Dann , Yishay Mansour , Mehryar Mohri

This article introduces a novel framework for data-driven linear quadratic regulator (LQR) design. First, we introduce a reinforcement learning paradigm for on-policy data-driven LQR, where exploration and exploitation are simultaneously…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-23 Marco Borghesi , Alessandro Bosso , Giuseppe Notarstefano

Meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) is a promising framework for tackling challenging domains requiring efficient exploration. Existing meta-RL algorithms are characterized by low sample efficiency, and mostly focus on low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Zohar Rimon , Tom Jurgenson , Orr Krupnik , Gilad Adler , Aviv Tamar

Large language model-based agents make mistakes, yet critique can often guide the same model toward correct behavior. However, when critique is removed, the model may fail again on the same query, indicating that it has not internalized the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jianbo Lin , Xiaomin Yu , Yi Xin , Yifu Guo , Zhuosong Jiang , Zhongqi Yue , Weishi Wang , Heqing Zou , Chengwei Qin , Hui Xiong

By planning through a learned dynamics model, model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) offers the prospect of good performance with little environment interaction. However, it is common in practice for the learned model to be inaccurate,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Behzad Haghgoo , Allan Zhou , Archit Sharma , Chelsea Finn

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) methods are succeeding in a growing number of tasks, aided by recent advances in deep learning. However, they tend to suffer from high sample complexity, which hinders their use in real-world domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Thanard Kurutach , Ignasi Clavera , Yan Duan , Aviv Tamar , Pieter Abbeel

A key open challenge in agile quadrotor flight is how to combine the flexibility and task-level generality of model-free reinforcement learning (RL) with the structure and online replanning capabilities of model predictive control (MPC),…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Angel Romero , Elie Aljalbout , Yunlong Song , Davide Scaramuzza

Many methods for Model-based Reinforcement learning (MBRL) in Markov decision processes (MDPs) provide guarantees for both the accuracy of the model they can deliver and the learning efficiency. At the same time, state abstraction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Rolf A. N. Starre , Marco Loog , Elena Congeduti , Frans A. Oliehoek

Model-based Reinforcement Learning approaches have the promise of being sample efficient. Much of the progress in learning dynamics models in RL has been made by learning models via supervised learning. But traditional model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Shagun Sodhani , Anirudh Goyal , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio , Sergey Levine , Jian Tang

In modern ML Ops environments, model deployment is a critical process that traditionally relies on static heuristics such as validation error comparisons and A/B testing. However, these methods require human intervention to adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 S. Aaron McClendon , Vishaal Venkatesh , Juan Morinelli

Accuracy and generalization of dynamics models is key to the success of model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL). As the complexity of tasks increases, so does the sample inefficiency of learning accurate dynamics models. However, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Manan Tomar , Amy Zhang , Roberto Calandra , Matthew E. Taylor , Joelle Pineau

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been gaining extensive attention from academia and industries in the past few decades. One of the fundamental problems in MARL is how to evaluate different approaches comprehensively. Most…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Zhiuxan Liang , Jiannong Cao , Shan Jiang , Divya Saxena , Jinlin Chen , Huafeng Xu