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Proteins are macromolecules that perform essential functions in all living organisms. Designing novel proteins with specific structures and desired functions has been a long-standing challenge in the field of bioengineering. Existing…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-03 Chence Shi , Chuanrui Wang , Jiarui Lu , Bozitao Zhong , Jian Tang

Recently, many generative models for de novo protein structure design have emerged. Yet, only few tackle the difficult task of directly generating fully atomistic structures jointly with the underlying amino acid sequence. This is…

RNA, whose functionality is largely determined by its structure, plays an important role in many biological activities. The prediction of pairwise structural proximity between each nucleotide of an RNA sequence can characterize the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-22 Yiren Jian , Chongyang Gao , Chen Zeng , Yunjie Zhao , Soroush Vosoughi

We present FLOWR.root, an SE(3)-equivariant flow-matching model for pocket-aware 3D ligand generation with joint potency and binding affinity prediction and confidence estimation. The model supports de novo generation, interaction- and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-26 Julian Cremer , Tuan Le , Mohammad M. Ghahremanpour , Emilia Sługocka , Filipe Menezes , Djork-Arné Clevert

This systematic review outlines pivotal advancements in deep learning-driven protein structure prediction and design, focusing on four core models-AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, RFDiffusion, and ProteinMPNN-developed by 2024 Nobel Laureates in…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Wanqing Yang , Yanwei Wang , Yang Wang

It is the first step for understanding how RNA structure folds from base sequences that to know how its secondary structure is formed. Traditional energy-based algorithms are short of precision, particularly for non-nested sequences, while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-18 Ji Jiang , Qipeng Yan , Ye Li , Min Lu , Ziwei Cui , Menghan Dou , Qingchun Wang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies can be used to align transcriptomes with histopathological morphology, presenting exciting new opportunities for biomolecular discovery. Using ST data, we construct a novel framework, GeneFlow, to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-04 Mengbo Wang , Shourya Verma , Aditya Malusare , Luopin Wang , Yiyang Lu , Vaneet Aggarwal , Mario Sola , Ananth Grama , Nadia Atallah Lanman

Antigen-antibody binding is a critical process in the immune response. Although recent progress has advanced antibody design, current methods lack a generative framework for end-to-end modeling of full-atom antibody structures and struggle…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-10 Wenda Wang , Yang Zhang , Zhewei Wei , Wenbing Huang

It has been well accepted that the RNA secondary structures of most functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are closely related to their functions and are conserved during evolution. Hence, prediction of conserved secondary structures from…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2013-07-09 Michiaki Hamada

Denoising-based models, including diffusion and flow matching, have led to substantial advances in graph generation. Despite this progress, such models remain constrained by two fundamental limitations: a computational cost that scales…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yoann Boget , Pablo Strasser , Alexandros Kalousis

The statistical mechanics of heteropolymer structure formation is studied in the context of RNA secondary structures. A designed RNA sequence biased energetically towards a particular native structure (a hairpin) is used to study the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. Bundschuh , T. Hwa

Biological sequences encode fundamental instructions for the building blocks of life, in the form of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Modeling these sequences is key to understand disease mechanisms and is an active research area in computational…

The Ribosome Flow Model (RFM) describes the unidirectional movement of interacting particles along a one-dimensional chain of sites. As a site becomes fuller, the effective entry rate into this site decreases. The RFM has been used to model…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-08-26 Yoram Zarai , Oz Mendel , Michael Margaliot

The design and optimization of antibodies requires an intricate balance across multiple properties. Protein inverse folding models, capable of generating diverse sequences folding into the same structure, are promising tools for maintaining…

The secondary structure of ribonucleic acid (RNA) is more stable and accessible in the cell than its tertiary structure, making it essential for functional prediction. Although deep learning has shown promising results in this field,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-21 Cheng Tan , Zhangyang Gao , Hanqun Cao , Xingran Chen , Ge Wang , Lirong Wu , Jun Xia , Jiangbin Zheng , Stan Z. Li

We introduce a method for predicting RNA folding pathways, with an application to the most important RNA tetraloops. The method is based on the idea that ensembles of three-dimensional fragments extracted from high-resolution crystal…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-21 Sandro Bottaro , Alejandro Gil-Ley , Giovanni Bussi

The predominant success of diffusion models in generative modeling has spurred significant interest in understanding their theoretical foundations. In this work, we propose a feature learning framework aimed at analyzing and comparing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Andi Han , Wei Huang , Yuan Cao , Difan Zou

An RNA sequence is a word over an alphabet on four elements $\{A,C,G,U\}$ called bases. RNA sequences fold into secondary structures where some bases match one another while others remain unpaired. Pseudoknot-free secondary structures can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Édouard Bonnet , Paweł Rzążewski , Florian Sikora

Many computerized methods for RNA-RNA interaction structure prediction have been developed. Recently, $O(N^6)$ time and $O(N^4)$ space dynamic programming algorithms have become available that compute the partition function of RNA-RNA…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-07-15 Andrew X. Li , Manja Marz , Jing Qin , Christian M. Reidys

Flow models have rapidly become the go-to method for training and deploying large-scale generators, owing their success to inference-time flexibility via adjustable integration steps. A crucial ingredient in flow training is the choice of…

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