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Sleep stage classification based on electroencephalography (EEG) is fundamental for assessing sleep quality and diagnosing sleep-related disorders. However, most traditional machine learning methods rely heavily on prior knowledge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xihe Qiu , Gengchen Ma , Haoyu Wang , Chen Zhan , Xiaoyu Tan , Shuo Li

The decoding of linguistic information from electroencephalography (EEG) signals remains an extremely challenging problem in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. In particular, sentence-level decoding from EEG is difficult due to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Enrico Collautti , Xiaopeng Mao , Luca Tonin , Stefano Tortora , Sadasivan Puthusserypady

Electroencephalography foundation models (EEG-FMs) have advanced brain signal analysis, but the lack of standardized evaluation benchmarks impedes model comparison and scientific progress. Current evaluations rely on inconsistent protocols…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Wei Xiong , Jiangtong Li , Jie Li , Kun Zhu , Changjun Jiang

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique for recording brain activity, widely used in brain-computer interfaces, clinic, and healthcare. Traditional EEG deep models typically focus on specific dataset and task, limiting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Ang Li , Zikai Wang , Liuyin Yang , Zhenyu Wang , Tianheng Xu , Honglin Hu , Marc M. Van Hulle

Electroencephalography (EEG) provides real-time insights into brain activity and supports diverse applications in neuroscience. While EEG foundation models (EFMs) have emerged to address the scalability issues of task-specific models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jingying Ma , Feng Wu , Qika Lin , Yucheng Xing , Chenyu Liu , Ziyu Jia , Mengling Feng

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals play a crucial role in understanding brain activity and diagnosing neurological diseases. Because supervised EEG encoders are unable to learn robust EEG patterns and rely too heavily on expensive signal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Junhong Lai , Jiyu Wei , Lin Yao , Yueming Wang

Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) have become very popular with Electroencephalography (EEG) being one of the most commonly used signal acquisition techniques. A major challenge in BCI studies is the individualistic analysis required for each…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-28 Baani Leen Kaur Jolly , Palash Aggrawal , Surabhi S Nath , Viresh Gupta , Manraj Singh Grover , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Long-sequence electroencephalogram (EEG) modeling is essential for developing generalizable EEG representation models. This need arises from the high sampling rate of EEG data and the long recording durations required to capture extended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jiazhen Hong , Geoffrey Mackellar , Soheila Ghane

Generating clinical reports that summarize abnormal patterns, diagnostic findings, and clinical interpretations from long-term EEG recordings remains labor-intensive. We present CELM, the first clinical EEG-to-Language foundation model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jathurshan Pradeepkumar , Zheng Chen , Jimeng Sun

EEG-based recognition of activities and states involves the use of prior neuroscience knowledge to generate quantitative EEG features, which may limit BCI performance. Although neural network-based methods can effectively extract features,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Zhengqing Miao , Xin Zhang , Meirong Zhao , Dong Ming

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in healthcare applications, such as arrhythmia detection and sleep monitoring, making accurate ECG analysis critically essential. Traditional deep learning models for ECG are task-specific, with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Yu Han , Vittorio Murino , Xiaofeng Liu , Xiang Zhang , Cheng Ding

Electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding aims to identify the perceptual, semantic, and cognitive content of neural processing based on non-invasively measured brain activity. Traditional EEG decoding methods have achieved moderate success when…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-09 Xun Chen , Chang Li , Aiping Liu , Martin J. McKeown , Ruobing Qian , Z. Jane Wang

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), particularly those based on electroencephalography (EEG), offer promising solutions for assisting individuals with motor disabilities. However, challenges in reliably interpreting EEG signals for specific…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-23 Biplov Paneru , Bipul Thapa , Bishwash Paneru , Sanjog Chhetri Sapkota

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a powerful method to understand how the brain processes speech. Linear models have recently been replaced for this purpose with deep neural networks and yield promising results. In related EEG…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-25 Lies Bollens , Tom Francart , Hugo Van Hamme

Recent advances in self-supervised learning for EEG representation have largely relied on masked reconstruction, where models are trained to recover randomly masked signal segments. While effective at modeling local dependencies, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Shaocong Wang , Tong Liu , Yihan Li , Ming Li , Kairui Wen , Pei Yang , Wenqi Ji , Minjing Yu , Yong-Jin Liu

Brain structural MRI has been widely used to assess the future progression of cognitive impairment (CI). Previous learning-based studies usually suffer from the issue of small-sized labeled training data, while there exist a huge amount of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-27 Lintao Zhang , Jinjian Wu , Lihong Wang , Li Wang , David C. Steffens , Shijun Qiu , Guy G. Potter , Mingxia Liu

Recent advances in electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models, which capture transferable EEG representations, have greatly accelerated the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, existing approaches still struggle to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Muyun Jiang , Shuailei Zhang , Zhenjie Yang , Mengjun Wu , Weibang Jiang , Zhiwei Guo , Wei Zhang , Rui Liu , Shangen Zhang , Yong Li , Yi Ding , Cuntai Guan

Electrophysiological observation plays a major role in epilepsy evaluation. However, human interpretation of brain signals is subjective and prone to misdiagnosis. Automating this process, especially seizure detection relying on scalp-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-06 David Ahmedt-Aristizabal , Clinton Fookes , Kien Nguyen , Sridha Sridharan

Integrating physiological signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG), with other data such as interview audio, may offer valuable multimodal insights into psychological states or neurological disorders. Recent advancements with Large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Yongquan Hu , Shuning Zhang , Ting Dang , Hong Jia , Flora D. Salim , Wen Hu , Aaron J. Quigley

Nowadays, machine and deep learning techniques are widely used in different areas, ranging from economics to biology. In general, these techniques can be used in two ways: trying to adapt well-known models and architectures to the available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Danilo Avola , Marco Cascio , Luigi Cinque , Alessio Fagioli , Gian Luca Foresti , Marco Raoul Marini , Daniele Pannone