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Continual learning studies how models can adapt to new tasks while retaining previously acquired knowledge. Although a broad spectrum of methods has been proposed to mitigate catastrophic forgetting, the field remains predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Katarzyna Filus , Kamil Faber , Roberto Corizzo , Christopher Kanan

Continual learning aims to learn continuously from a stream of tasks and data in an online-learning fashion, being capable of exploiting what was learned previously to improve current and future tasks while still being able to perform well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Quang Pham , Doyen Sahoo , Chenghao Liu , Steven C. H Hoi

Meta-learning stands for 'learning to learn' such that generalization to new tasks is achieved. Among these methods, Gradient-based meta-learning algorithms are a specific sub-class that excel at quick adaptation to new tasks with limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Jathushan Rajasegaran , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Mubarak Shah

Continual learning -- the ability to acquire knowledge incrementally without forgetting previous skills -- is fundamental to natural intelligence. While the human brain excels at this, artificial neural networks struggle with "catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Aoi Otani

Meta-learning aims to extract useful inductive biases from a set of related datasets. In Bayesian meta-learning, this is typically achieved by constructing a prior distribution over neural network parameters. However, specifying families of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Krunoslav Lehman Pavasovic , Jonas Rothfuss , Andreas Krause

Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge in continual learning, in which a model loses prior knowledge when it is fine-tuned on new tasks. This problem is particularly critical for large language models (LLMs) undergoing continual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ege Süalp , Mina Rezaei

Continual learning aims to empower artificial intelligence (AI) with strong adaptability to the real world. For this purpose, a desirable solution should properly balance memory stability with learning plasticity, and acquire sufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Qian Li , Mingtian Zhang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Yi Zhong

This article reviews meta-learning also known as learning-to-learn which seeks rapid and accurate model adaptation to unseen tasks with applications in highly automated AI, few-shot learning, natural language processing and robotics. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Huimin Peng

Modern neural network based speech recognition models are required to continually absorb new data without re-training the whole system, especially in downstream applications using foundation models, having no access to the original training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Enes Yavuz Ugan , Ngoc-Quan Pham , Alexander Waibel

Data-driven modeling in mechanics is evolving rapidly based on recent machine learning advances, especially on artificial neural networks. As the field matures, new data and models created by different groups become available, opening…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Aleksandr Dekhovich , O. Taylan Turan , Jiaxiang Yi , Miguel A. Bessa

Modern language models are powerful, but typically static after deployment. A major obstacle to building models that continually learn over time is catastrophic forgetting, where updating on new data erases previously acquired capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jessy Lin , Luke Zettlemoyer , Gargi Ghosh , Wen-Tau Yih , Aram Markosyan , Vincent-Pierre Berges , Barlas Oğuz

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful method for extracting valuable information from large volumes of data. However, when new training data arrives continuously (i.e., is not fully available from the beginning), incremental training…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Thomas Bouvier , Bogdan Nicolae , Hugo Chaugier , Alexandru Costan , Ian Foster , Gabriel Antoniu

Federated continual learning (FCL) has received increasing attention due to its potential in handling real-world streaming data, characterized by evolving data distributions and varying client classes over time. The constraints of storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Dezhong Yao , Sanmu Li , Yutong Dai , Zhiqiang Xu , Shengshan Hu , Peilin Zhao , Lichao Sun

Deep neural networks struggle to continually learn multiple sequential tasks due to catastrophic forgetting of previously learned tasks. Rehearsal-based methods which explicitly store previous task samples in the buffer and interleave them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Prashant Bhat , Bahram Zonooz , Elahe Arani

Continual learning (CL), which aims to learn a sequence of tasks, has attracted significant recent attention. However, most work has focused on the experimental performance of CL, and theoretical studies of CL are still limited. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Sen Lin , Peizhong Ju , Yingbin Liang , Ness Shroff

To cope with real-world dynamics, an intelligent system needs to incrementally acquire, update, accumulate, and exploit knowledge throughout its lifetime. This ability, known as continual learning, provides a foundation for AI systems to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Humans can continuously learn new knowledge as their experience grows. In contrast, previous learning in deep neural networks can quickly fade out when they are trained on a new task. In this paper, we hypothesize this problem can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Jathushan Rajasegaran , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Mubarak Shah

Learning to learn is a powerful paradigm for enabling models to learn from data more effectively and efficiently. A popular approach to meta-learning is to train a recurrent model to read in a training dataset as input and output the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-16 Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

Recently, continual graph learning has been increasingly adopted for diverse graph-structured data processing tasks in non-stationary environments. Despite its promising learning capability, current studies on continual graph learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Zonggui Tian , Du Zhang , Hong-Ning Dai

This paper considers continual learning of large-scale pretrained neural machine translation model without accessing the previous training data or introducing model separation. We argue that the widely used regularization-based methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Shuhao Gu , Bojie Hu , Yang Feng