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As an emerging technology, federated learning (FL) involves training machine learning models over distributed edge devices, which attracts sustained attention and has been extensively studied. However, the heterogeneity of client data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Hao Zhang , Tingting Wu , Siyao Cheng , Jie Liu

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed machine learning paradigm that operates at the wireless edge. It enables clients to collaborate on model training while keeping their data private from adversaries and the central…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Wayne Lemieux , Raphael Pinard , Mitra Hassani

Federated Learning deviates from the norm of "send data to model" to "send model to data". When used in an edge ecosystem, numerous heterogeneous edge devices collecting data through different means and connected through different network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Manupriya Gupta , Pavas Goyal , Rohit Verma , Rajeev Shorey , Huzur Saran

Federated Learning (FL) is a novel, multidisciplinary Machine Learning paradigm where multiple clients, such as mobile devices, collaborate to solve machine learning problems. Initially introduced in Kone{\v{c}}n{\'y} et al. (2016a,b);…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Konstantin Burlachenko

Federated learning (FL) is a prevailing distributed learning paradigm, where a large number of workers jointly learn a model without sharing their training data. However, high communication costs could arise in FL due to large-scale (deep)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Haibo Yang , Jia Liu , Elizabeth S. Bentley

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed management framework based on collaborative model training of distributed devices in edge networks. However, recent studies have shown that FL is vulnerable to adversarial examples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Yu Qiao , Apurba Adhikary , Chaoning Zhang , Choong Seon Hong

Internet of Things (IoT) services will use machine learning tools to efficiently analyze various types of data collected by IoT devices for inference, autonomy, and control purposes. However, due to resource constraints and privacy…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Mingzhe Chen , H. Vincent Poor , Walid Saad , Shuguang Cui

Federated learning (FL) is a popular framework for training an AI model using distributed mobile data in a wireless network. It features data parallelism by distributing the learning task to multiple edge devices while attempting to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Dingzhu Wen , Ki-Jun Jeon , Kaibin Huang

Federated learning (FL) can fully leverage large-scale terminal data while ensuring privacy and security, and is considered as a distributed alternative for the centralized machine learning. However, the issue of data heterogeneity poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Xianke Qiang , Zheng Chang , Ying-Chang Liang

Federated Learning(FL) is popular as a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm for generating a single model on decentralized data. However, statistical heterogeneity poses a significant challenge for FL. As a subfield of FL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Keting Yin , Jiayi Mao

Federated Learning (FL) enables participant devices to collaboratively train deep learning models without sharing their data with the server or other devices, effectively addressing data privacy and computational concerns. However, FL faces…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Asadullah Tariq , Tariq Qayyum , Mohamed Adel Serhani , Farag Sallabi , Ikbal Taleb , Ezedin S. Barka

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a widely adopted paradigm for enabling edge learning with distributed data while ensuring data privacy. However, the traditional FL with deep neural networks trained via backpropagation can hardly meet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jierui Zhang , Jianhao Huang , Kaibin Huang

Federated learning enables resource-constrained edge compute devices, such as mobile phones and IoT devices, to learn a shared model for prediction, while keeping the training data local. This decentralized approach to train models provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Yue Zhao , Meng Li , Liangzhen Lai , Naveen Suda , Damon Civin , Vikas Chandra

Federated learning (FL) has received significant attention in recent years for its advantages in efficient training of machine learning models across distributed clients without disclosing user-sensitive data. Specifically, in federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chung-Hsuan Hu , Zheng Chen , Erik G. Larsson

Fog computing promises to enable machine learning tasks to scale to large amounts of data by distributing processing across connected devices. Two key challenges to achieving this goal are heterogeneity in devices compute resources and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Su Wang , Yichen Ruan , Yuwei Tu , Satyavrat Wagle , Christopher G. Brinton , Carlee Joe-Wong

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning (ML) paradigm that enables heterogeneous edge devices to collaboratively train ML models without revealing their raw data to a logically centralized server. However, beyond the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Jiachen Liu , Fan Lai , Yinwei Dai , Aditya Akella , Harsha Madhyastha , Mosharaf Chowdhury

Federated Learning (FL) is an innovative distributed machine learning paradigm that enables multiple parties to collaboratively train a model without sharing their raw data, thereby preserving data privacy. Communication efficiency concerns…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Peishen Yan , Jun Li , Hao Wang , Tao Song , Yang Hua , Lu Peng , Haihui Zhou , Haibing Guan

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing data. However, real-world deployments must simultaneously address statistical heterogeneity across client data (non-IID), system heterogeneity in device…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Chaimaa Medjadji , Sylvain Kubler , Yves Le Traon , Guilain Leduc , Sadi Alawadi , Feras M. Awaysheh

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning (ML) paradigm, aiming to train a global model by exploiting the decentralized data across millions of edge devices. Compared with centralized learning, FL preserves the clients'…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Bocheng Chen , Nikolay Ivanov , Guangjing Wang , Qiben Yan

Federated Learning (FL) seeks to distribute model training across local clients without collecting data in a centralized data-center, hence removing data-privacy concerns. A major challenge for FL is data heterogeneity (where each client's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Junjiao Tian , James Seale Smith , Zsolt Kira